BACKGROUND Adequate gastrointestinal mucosal oxygenation is regarded to be crucial in the prevention and therapy of critical illness. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are used for perioperative haemodynamic support. However, their per se effects on gastromucosal haemoglobin oxygenation (μHbO(2)) remain unclear. Moreover, respective effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine may be affected by the ...

We compared electrocardiographic abnormalities and plasma norepinephrine concentrations in 40 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage within the first 24 hours, at 72 hours, and after 1 week. In 20 patients with high plasma norepinephrine concentrations within the first 24 hours, sinus tachycardia (/><0.02) and negative T waves (/><0.01) were more frequent than in the 20 patients with normal plas...

BACKGROUND Volatile anesthetics inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at subanesthetic concentrations. In both animal and human studies, similar concentrations of volatile anesthetics have been associated with increased sensitivity to pain. Nicotinic analgesia is thought to involve the enhanced release of norepinephrine. These studies are intended as a "proof of concept" that alteration of ...

Nitric oxide (NO) reacts with catecholamines resulting in their deactivation. In this study, we demonstrated that coincubation of NO donors with sympathetic neurotransmitters decreased the amount of norepinephrine detected but not ATP or neuropeptide Y (NPY). Furthermore, we found that the ability of norepinephrine to increase perfusion pressure in the isolated perfused mesenteric arterial bed ...

To assess sympathetic nervous system function in essential hypertension, we measured the rates of release to and removal from plasma of the sympathetic neurotransmitter, norepinephrine. In normal subjects, disappearance of tritiated l-norepinephrine from plasma, after infusion to steady state, was biexponential, with t1 1/2 = 2.0 +/- 0.4 minutes (mean +/- standard deviation) and t2 1/2 = 33 +/-...

ATP is coreleased with norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings and subsequently broken down to adenosine. In animal preparations, adenosine can inhibit norepinephrine release by stimulation of presynaptic receptors. We tested this feedback mechanism in humans by using a specific nucleoside transport inhibitor (draflazine) as a pharmacological tool to allow accumulation of endogenous adeno...

PURPOSE With the previous norepinephrine shortage, alternative agents were required to treat patients with septic shock. This retrospective study evaluated whether the shortage of norepinephrine had an adverse effect on patients admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock. METHODS This was a retrospective chart review, which compared patients who rece...

Increased sympathetic activity or vascular reactivity to norepinephrine or both may play a complementary role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Therefore, blood pressure regulation and metabolic correlates of cardiovascular risk were evaluated in 19 normal subjects and in 13 subjects with essential hypertension receiving placebo and after 4 weeks of intervention with urapidil, an a...

Comparative studies of plasma norepinephrine in patients with essential hypertension and in normotensive controls have consistently reported higher mean resting levels of norepinephrine in the hypertensive groups, but the hypertensive-normotensive differences have often been small and, in about three-fifths of the studies, not statistically significant. The author reviewed the medical literatur...

MATHES, PETER, CHARLES COWAN, AND SIGMUNDUR GUDBJARNASON. Storage and metabolism of norepinephrine after experimental myocar dial infarction. Am. J. Physiol. 220(l) : 27-32. 1971.-Serial determinations of the norepinephrine (NE) content in all four chambers of the canine heart were carried out following experimental myocardial infarction. Myocardial NE retention and subcellular distribution wer...