RNA interference (RNAi) has recently shown promise as a mode of inhibition of slowly replicating viruses causing chronic diseases such as hepatitis C. To investigate whether RNAi is also feasible for rapidly growing RNA viruses such as alphaviruses, we tested the ability of expressed short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to inhibit the Semliki Forest virus (SFV), a rapidly replicating positive-strand RNA...

UNLABELLED Directed differentiation of stem cell lines into intestine-like tissue called induced human intestinal organoids (iHIOs) is now possible (J. R. Spence, C. N. Mayhew, S. A. Rankin, M. F. Kuhar, J. E. Vallance, K. Tolle, E. E. Hoskins, V. V. Kalinichenko, S. I. Wells, A. M. Zorn, N. F. Shroyer, and J. M. Wells, Nature 470:105-109, 2011). We tested iHIOs as a new model to cultivate and ...

conclusions the newly developed simple indirect elisa showed high sensitivity and specificity with respect to vnt. developing such a simple, sensitive, and specific elisa which is much less expensive than the available commercial elisa kits can improve the detection of bvdv infections, help to eliminate the disease from herds, and decrease economic losses caused by this disease. background bovi...

The genetic stability of ORF1a encoding non-structural proteins nsp1, nsp2, nsp3 and nsp4 of equine arteritis virus (EAV) has been analysed for nearly seven years in a persistently infected stallion of the Malopolska breed. Between November 2004 and June 2011, 11 semen samples were collected. Viral RNA extracted from semen of this carrier stallion was amplified, sequenced and compared with the ...

Exceeded losses of nonstructural components from structural ones in most demolished buildings in previous earthquakes and its limitation on functionality of critical facilities and building serviceability after earthquakes should be got the point of view for accounting loss of building as a merit for building performance. This paper attempts to demonstrate the significant role of distribution p...

We identified mutations in the gene for nsP2, a nonstructural protein of the alphavirus Sindbis virus, that appear to block the conversion of the initial, short-lived minus-strand replicase complex (RCinitial) into mature, stable forms that are replicase and transcriptase complexes (RCstable), producing 49S genome or 26S mRNA. Base changes at nucleotide (nt) 2166 (G-->A, predicting a change of ...