PURPOSE OF REVIEW Laryngeal nerve injury, resulting in speech and swallowing dysfunction, is a feared complication of thyroid operations. Routine visualization of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) has decreased the likelihood of nerve injury, and intraoperative nerve monitoring has been applied in the hope of further enhancing safety. RECENT FINDINGS There is conflicting evidence about the ...

PURPOSE The inability to predict clinical outcome of prostate cancer is a major impediment to effective treatment decisions and patient counseling. New markers of recurrence are needed to improve the accuracy of risk assessment and treatment of prostate cancer. Our previous studies identified a mismatch repair protein, PMS2, to be elevated in prostate cancer; here, we investigate the prognostic...

Dietary .Y-(4-hydro\yphcnyl)retinamide (4-1IPR; 3 mmol/kg diet) and s.c. injections of the antiestrogen, tamoxifen (Tx; 10 ng or 20 ¿tg per rat, thrice weekly) were used together as adjunct chemopreventive therapy in groups of 39-40 female, Sprague-Dawley rats that each received an i.v. injection (50 mg/kg b.w.) of the mammary gland carcinogen .V-niethyl¡V-nitrnsouri-a (MNU). Treatment was st...

Slow, progressive, and destructive changes in the residual lung after surgery for lung cancer, known as "destroyed lung," are delayed nonrecurrent complications. Destroyed lung can be a difficult condition to treat due to repeated infections and is therefore a complication that should not be ignored. We had three cases of intractable pulmonary aspergillosis difficult to treat associated with de...

Let us consider a homogeneous Markov chain with discrete time and with a finite set of states are nonrecurrent. The goal of this work is to study frequencies of trajectories in this chain, i.e., " words " composed of symbols E 1 ,. .. , E n ending with the " space " E 0. Let us order words according to their probabilities ; denote by p(t) the probability of the tth word in this list. In this pa...

BACKGROUND In thyroid surgery, preserving the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is crucial for preventing postoperative phonatory dysfunction. Right nonrecurrent laryngeal nerves (NRLNs) are not particularly rare, and they are vulnerable to injury during surgery. This anomaly is associated with a right aberrant subclavian artery. Thus, a right-sided aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian ar...

This article presents a simulation-based framework to model the potential benefits from dynamic vehicle on-line routing in a distributed traffic information system based upon a vehicle-to-vehicle information-sharing architecture. Within this framework, certain vehicles with specific inter-vehicle communication equipment in the traffic network are capable of autonomous traffic surveillance and p...

The main objective of this research is to expand upon the link between network flow (mobility) and safety through the estimation of Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams (MFD) and Structural Equation Models (SEM) with different levels of disruptions caused by different surrounding driving conditions. Analysis begins with the aggregation of microscopic level loop detector data and collision data prov...

Aspergillosis is a disease that predominantly affects immunocompromised patients. The incidence in immunocompetents is rare, and manifestation is generally pulmonary. Few reports in the literature refer to isolated cerebral aspergillosis in individuals with no chronic comorbidities. We describe a case of a 59-year-old rural worker without previous pathologies who had a partial convulsive crisis...

AIMS Critical factors responsible for the recurrence of keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) were examined. METHODS The clinicopathological features were retrospectively studied in 74 patients with 75 sporadic KCOTs. From the 75 KCOTs, 23 were examined for the expression of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Patched and Smoothened (SMO) by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Recurrence in multilocular lesion...