Various organic compounds used as diluents, modifiers and extractants in lactic acid extraction have been tested to determine their toxicity towards Lactobacillus casei cells. The toxicity on molecular and phase level has been investigated. In general, the tested hydrocarbons were non-toxic on molecular level and showed variable toxicity on phase level. Among the tested alcohols octanol and ole...

The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to plants. To understand the mechanisms of tolerance and resistance to Cd, we treated the rootless, submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L. with sub-micromolar concentrations of Cd under environmentally relevant conditions. X-ray fluorescence measurements revealed changing distribution patterns of Cd and Zn at non-toxic (0.2 nM, 2 nM), moderat...

Secreted phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)s) from snake and insect venoms and from mammalian pancreas are structurally related enzymes that have been associated with several toxic, pathological, or physiological processes. We addressed the issue of whether toxic sPLA(2)s might exert specific effects on the Plasmodium falciparum intraerythrocytic development. We showed that both toxic and non-toxic s...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical technique for the treatment of cancer. It based on use non-toxic molecules, called photosensitizers (PSs), that become toxic when irradiated with...

the synthesis of the title compound is described. this compound was found to be active (3c) against a number of pathogenic microorganisms in vitro. it is a non-absorbable antibacterial topically and its pharmacologic studies revealed that it is a non-toxic agent with a wide range of safety. it proved to be effective in the prevention and treatment of pseudomonaswound infections in volunteer pat...

BACKGROUND Criteria pollutants have been associated with exacerbation of children's asthma, but the role of air toxics in relation to asthma is less clear. Our objective was to evaluate whether exposure to outdoor air toxics in early childhood increased asthma risk or severity. METHODS Air toxics exposure was estimated using the 2002 National Air toxics Assessment (NATA) and linked to longitu...