Almost all kidney transplant recipients with diabetes mellitus will eventually develop recurrence of diabetic nephropathy in their allograft. Despite this high incidence, there are very few reported cases of diabetic nephropathy of diffuse type, and the nodular sclerosis form is uncommon. Recurrence of diabetic nephropathy of nodular glomerulosclerosis type usually occurs during the second deca...

Abstract A 39-year-old male without any preceding medical ailment presented with 12 day history of fever followed by behavioral changes left sided weakness. He was found to have Herpes Simplex Virus-1 encephalitis (polymerase chain reaction positive) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging finding asymmetrical frontotemporoparietal (right side affected more than side) involvement patchy enhancement atyp...

Background: The normal thyroid gland is a fairly homogenous structure, but nodules often formed within its substance these nodule may be the growth and fusion of localized colloid – filled follicles, or discrete adenomas, or cyst. The terms adenomatous goiter, simple multi nodular goiter, non toxic nodular goiter, and colloid nodular goiter are used interchangeably as descriptive terms when a m...

INTRODUCTION Nodular hyperplasia of parathyroid glands (PG) is the most probable cause of medical treatment failure in secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). This prospective cohort study is located at the interface of medical and surgical consideration of sHPT treatment options and identifies risk-factors for nodular hyperplasia of PG. MATERIAL AND METHODS One-hundred-eight resected PG of 27 ...

introduction although thyroid nodules are usually benign, malignancy must always be ruled out. many efforts have been made to find. malignant nodules and reduce the number of unnecessary operations. in this study, our aim was to examine, after the more extensive use of fine needle aspiration (fna), whether the incidence of cancer finding has been increased. materials and methods we studied retr...

thyroid hemiagenesis can be associated with various thyroid pathologies such as papillary thyroid cancer or nodular goiter. however, we did not encounter any publication in the literature in which hemiagenesis could be observed together with retrosternal goiter. in this report, a thyroid hemiagenesis associated with a benign nodular goiter extending retrosternally is reported. a 59-year-old mal...

Periventricular nodular heterotopia is caused by defective neuronal migration that results in heterotopic neuronal nodules lining the lateral ventricles. Mutations in filamin A (FLNA) or ADP-ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide-exchange factor 2 (ARFGEF2) cause periventricular nodular heterotopia, but most patients with this malformation do not have a known aetiology. Using comparative genomi...

the main object of this study was to evaluate the treatment of the patients at early stages of nodular form of leishmaniasis by intralesional injection of sodium stibogluconate (pentostam). the study shows that the method recommended by who expert committee gives satisfactory results in nodular form in iran.

BACKGROUND Reports of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation in the pediatric population are rare. CASE CHARACTERISTICS The 3-year-old child was injured in a car accident and then diagnosed with sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation. The patient underwent exploratory surgery with partial splenectomy including total excision of the tumor mass. OUTCOME Neither recurrence nor me...