Ishihara’s Boundedness Principle BD-N was introduced in [Ish92] and has turned out to be most useful for constructive analysis, see e.g. [Ish01]. It is equivalent to the statement that every sequentially continuous function from NN to N is continuous w.r.t. the usual metric topology on NN. We construct models for higher order arithmetic and intuitionistic set theory in which both every function...

Abstract Although China has been the main manufacturer and consumer of phthalate esters (PAEs), human health ambient water quality criteria (AWQCs) have not proposed for these chemicals. In this study, distribution bioaccumulation six PAEs (dimethyl (DMP), diethyl (DEP), di-n-butyl (DBP), butyl benzyl (BBP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) (DEHP), di-n-octyl (DnOP)) were investigated in 11 edible fish speci...

Crystalline chitosan was successfully prepared from crab tendons with aligned chitin molecules. Chitosan obtained preserved the tube structure with a suitable size for nerve conduits (t-chitosan tube). The chitosan tubes were compounded with hydroxy apatite (HAp) using an alternate soaking method (t-chitosan/HAp tube) to enhance the strength of the tube walls. HAp crystals formed in the walls o...

Chromatography is a tool to measure molecular interactions, and computational chemistry is a tool to explain molecular interactions. Therefore, reversed-phase liquid chromatography of acidic drugs using a pentyland an octyl-bonded silica gels was quantitatively analyzed in silico. A model pentyland an octyl-bonded silica gel and a methanol phases were constructed for docking with acidic drugs. ...

Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide comprising copolymers of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine, has been shown to have anti-obesity properties. Two experiments (Exp. 1 and Exp. 2) were performed to determine the role of chitosan on dietary intake, body weight gain, and fat deposition in a pig model, as well as identifying potential mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity effect of chitosan. In ...

Galectins are a galactoside specific subclass of carbohydrate binding proteins (lectins) involved in various cellular activities, certain cancers, infections, inflammations, and many other biological processes. The molecular basis for the selectivity galectins is well-documented revolves around appropriate interaction complementarity: an aromatic residue C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions polar residues (cha...

Global fitness analysis makes use of a genomic library of tagged deletion strains. We used this approach to study the effect of chitosan, which causes plasma membrane stress. The data were analyzed using T-profiler, which was based on determining the sensitivities of groups of deletion strains to chitosan, as defined by Gene Ontology (GO) and by genomic synthetic lethality screens, in combinati...

For designing a complex vector that has the advantages of both polyethylenimine (PEI) and chitosan for gene delivery, a PEI/chitosan/DNA complex was constructed at various N/P ratios (the ratios of moles of the amine groups of cationic polymers to those of the phosphate ones of DNA) and both the cytotoxicity and the transfection efficiency of the vector were evaluated. The results demonstrated ...

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) enrichment can alter N dynamics associated with decomposing plant litter. However, it is unclear to what extent these alterations occur via microbial effects (e.g., changes in gene regulation, physiology, or community composition) versus plant litter effects (e.g., changes in composition of N and C compounds). To isolate microbial effects from plant litter effects, we...