Objective: A pharmacological model to study the human disease Retinitis Pigmentosa is N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) injection which results in retinal degeneration. Our objective autophagy and mitophagy status of cells this model. Materials methods: The reporter (MitoQC) mice (mCherry-GFP-LC3) have been used determine mitophagic autophagic flux retina after MNU injection. Retinal pigment epithel...

Phenotypic reversion of the rubber-band, muscledefective phenotype conferred by unc-93(e1500) was used to determine the utility of Nethyl-Nnitrosourea (ENU) as a mutagen for genetic research in Cuenmhabditis ekguns. In this system, ENU produces revertants at a frequency of 3 X equivalent to that of the commonly used mutagen, EMS. The gene identity of 154 ENU-induced revertants shows that the di...

O'-AIkylguanine, a DNA adduci formed by nitrosoureas, becomes the site of a point mutation during DNA synthesis by preferentially base mispairing with thymine rather than correctly base pairing with cytosine. To repair this adduct, cells contain a limited amount of 06-alkylguanineDNA alkyltransferase (alkyltransferase), a protein which removes the alkyl group in a stoichiometric reaction. To pr...

Reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of several glutathione-related enzymes were measured in two 9L rat brain tumor cell lines with differing sensitivities to both 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and nitrogen mustard. GSH, measured by a specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method, was found to be approximately twice as high in 9L cells sensitive to BCNU but resistant...

Abbreviations: AG, anaplastic glioma; BCNU, 1,3-bis( CCNU, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea; G ratio; O-meG, O-methylguanine; MGMT, O-methylgu MSP,methylation-specific PCR; PFS, progression-free surv temozolomide ⁎ Corresponding author at: Department of Neurol Washington, Box 356470, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Se Fax: +1 206 543 8315. E-mail address: [email protected] (J.R. Sil...

Specific interventions included in the review Various adjuvant treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy, and chemoimmunotherapy. The drugs studied were: thiotepa, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, methyl CCNU, vinblastine, 1,3-bis(2 chlorethyl)-1-nitrosourea, tegafur, cytosine arabinosid...

1. Methods were developed for analysis of alkylpurines, 02-alkylcytosines, and representative phosphotriesters [alkyl derivatives of thymidylyl(3'-5')thymidine], in DNA alkylated in vivo, using high-pressure liquid chromatography. 2. The patterns ofalkylation products in DNA in vivo at short times were closely similar to those found for reactions in vitro. Alkylation by the nitrosoureas was com...

1. N[14C]-Methyl-N-nitrosourea, [14C]dimethylnitrosamine, [14C]dimethyl sulphate and [14C]methyl methanesulphonate were injected into rats, and nucleic acids were isolated from several organs after various time-intervals. Radioactivity was detected in DNA and RNA, partly in major base components and partly as the methylated base, 7-methylguanine. 2. No 7-methylguanine was detected in liver DNA ...

Seven patients treated with intraarterial internal carotid 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) chemotherapy for malignant gliomas of the brain had postinjection angiographic demonstration of increased orbital vascularity and vasodilatation, sometimes associated with arteriovenous shunting. Subjective orbital discomfort reported by the patients during chemotherapy correlated with this or...

Polyamines have been implicated in the intracellular stabilization of DNA. Depletion of intracellular polyamines influences the cytotoxicity of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II. By means of the sister chromatid exchange assay, it was found that intracellular polyamine depletion can also alter the induction of chromosomal damage by these cytotoxic agents.