This paper examines the errors introduced by operator splitting techniques in air quality models. Results are presented for different time steps used in the splitting schemes as well as for different ordering in which the operators are computed. Furthermore, a non-splitting technique is developed to analyze the performance of operator splitting techniques in air quality models. Convergence rate...

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical reaction in energy storage and conversion systems such as metal-air batteries and water splitting. The current commercial OER catalysts are the noble metal based materials, which have a high cost and a limited supply. Xu et al have prepared the nanoporous N-Co3O4 materials as cost-effective and high efficient electrocatalysts for OER by N2 plasm...

Catalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions are at the heart of key renewable-energy technologies including fuel cells and water splitting. Despite tremendous efforts, developing oxygen electrode catalysts with high activity at low cost remains a great challenge. Here, we report a hybrid material consisting of Co₃O₄ nanocrystals grown on reduced graphene oxide as a high-performance b...

The magnetic properties and electronic structures of pure, doped and defective cerium oxide (CeO2) have been studied theoretically by means of ab initio calculations based on the density function theory (DFT) with the hybrid HF/DFT technique named PBE0. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), lanthanum (La) and praseodymium (Pr) doped in CeO2 and CeO2 containing oxygen vacancies ...

Spin echo is a fundamental tool for quantum registers and biomedical imaging. It is believed that a strong magnetic field is needed for the spin echo to provide long memory and high resolution, since a degenerate spin cannot be controlled or addressed under a zero magnetic field. While a degenerate spin is never subject to dynamic control, it is still subject to geometric control. Here we show ...

The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the blue copper oxidase ceruloplasmin [ferroxidase, iron (II):oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.16.3.1] and of a derivative having the type I (blue) copper centers reversibly bleached are reported. The EPR spectrum of bleached ceruloplasmin has a seven-line superhyperfine structure in the g : formula: (see text) region that is attributed to the pre...

The greatest challenge in achieving the high level of control needed for future technologies based on coherent quantum systems is the decoherence induced by the environment. Here, we present an analytical approach that yields explicit constraints on the driving field which are necessary and sufficient to ensure that the leading-order noise-induced errors in a qubit's evolution cancel exactly. W...

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects splitting application 30 kg N ha-1 on growth, yield and economics soybean (Glycine max var. Dea-won) in semi-arid sub-tropical Afghanistan. Besides no-N-fertilization control, urea (30 ha-1) was applied fields four-splits: S1, one time basal at sowing; S2, two-splits 50% sowing 10 DAS (days after sowing); S3, three-splits 33% sowing, 20 ...

A system of emission bands in the red region of the optical spectrum has been identified as due to the species MON. The system was generated by the microwave (2450 MHz) excitation of a flowing mixture of MoCl$ and molecular nitrogen in a stream of helium but is also observed in a DC arc in air between molybdenum electrodes. One of the Q-form branches has previously been assumed to be an atomic ...