Matched serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from eight cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and 15 cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) were characterized in neutralization, hemolysis-inhibition (HLI), hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) with Tween 80-ether-treated antigen, complement-fixation (CF), and immunodiffusion tests. CF tests were carried out with crude virus material, ...

Epidemiological studies of measles and measles immunization frequently require determination of measles antibody status. In developing countries, where venipuncture is frequently unacceptable and where refrigerated storage of serum specimens is often unavailable, microtiter techniques not requiring refrigeration are required. We developed a filter paper technique that measures measles hemagglut...

Outer membrane proteins of Aeromonas hydrophila A6 were isolated by affinity chromatography on the basis of their reactivity with trisaccharide structures analogous to the terminal trisaccharide of the H antigen of the human ABO(H) blood group system and were characterized by using antisera raised against the isolate. The outer membrane extract for affinity chromatography was prepared from pres...

A passive hemagglutination inhibition assay was studied by using a hyperimmune serum from rabbits immunized with whole yeast cells (Candida albicans group A). This technique was effective at detecting small amounts of laboratory-prepared mannan or a whole-cell extract of C. albicans. Of 32 patients with documented disseminated candidiasis that were tested, 19 showed evidence of circulating anti...

Influenza D virus (IDV) belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family, which also include influenza A, B and C genera. IDV was first detected isolated in 2011 United States from pigs with respiratory illness. circulates mammals, including pigs, cattle, camelids, horses small ruminants. Despite broad host range, cattle are thought be natural reservoir of IDV. This plays a role as causative agent bovine...

BACKGROUND A novel avian H7N9 virus with a high case fatality rate in humans emerged in China in 2013. We evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a candidate Vero cell culture-derived whole-virus H7N9 vaccine in small animal models. METHODS Antibody responses induced in immunized DBA/2J mice and guinea pigs were evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition (HI), microneutralizatio...

BACKGROUND Predicting vaccine efficacy against emerging pathogen strains is a significant problem in human and animal vaccine design. T-cell epitope cross-conservation may play an important role in cross-strain vaccine efficacy. While influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers are widely used to predict protective efficacy of 1 IAV vaccine against new strains, no s...

BACKGROUND Prior receipt of a trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (TIV) can affect hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody responses to pandemic influenza vaccines. We investigated the effect of TIV priming on humoral responses to AS03-adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccines, the role of AS03 on cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses, and vaccine safety. METHODS Healthy adults (ag...

BACKGROUND The direct effect of antigenic site mutations in influenza viruses on antigenic drift and vaccine effectiveness is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic and antigenic characteristics of human influenza A (H3N2) viruses circulating in Ontario during the early 2010-2011 winter season. STUDY DESIGN We sequenced the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes fr...