Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas and the predominant ozone depleting substance. The only enzyme known to reduce N2O is the nitrous oxide reductase, encoded by the nosZ gene, which is present among bacteria and archaea capable of either complete denitrification or only N2O reduction to di-nitrogen gas. To determine whether the occurrence of nosZ, being a proxy for the trait N2O red...

A near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) application was developed to discriminate Asiago d'Allevo cheese coming from different production chains (alpine farms, mountain and lowland factories). One hundred wheels were collected in different seasons from all productive sites of Asiago d'Allevo: 14 alpine farms and 8 mountain and 13 lowland factories. Samples were analyzed for chemical composition and...

We studied depth-dependent cerebral hemodynamic responses of rat brain following direct cortical electrical stimulation (DCES) in vivo with optical recording of intrinsic signal (ORIS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). ORIS is used to visualize the immediate hemodynamic changes in cortical areas following the stimulation, whereas NIRS measures the hemodynamic changes originating from subco...

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) methods were developed for the determination of analytical content of an antimalarial-antibiotic (artesunate and azithromycin) co-formulation in hard gelatin capsule (HGC). The NIRS consists of pre-processing treatment of spectra (raw spectra and first-derivation of two spectral zones), a unique principal component analysis model to ensure the specificity and t...

Abstract. Previously we contributed to the development of a braincomputer interface (Brainput) using functional near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). This NIRS-based BCI was designed to improve performance on a human-robot team task by dynamically adapting a robot’s autonomy based on the person’s multitasking state. Two multitasking states (corresponding to low and high workload) were monitored in...

PURPOSE To determine the efficacy of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in identifying the hemisphere associated with language by measuring changes in bilateral lateral inferior frontal blood flow during a word generation task in epilepsy surgery patients and healthy volunteers. METHODS Sixteen patients who underwent the intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP) and eight healthy right-handed/r...

a ht Rationale and Objectives: Perturbations in cerebral blood volume (CBV), blood flow (CBF), and metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) lead to associated changes in tissue concentrations of oxyand deoxy-hemoglobin (DO andDD), which can bemeasured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). A novel hemodynamicmodel has been introduced to relate physiological perturbations andmeasuredquantities.Weseek to ...

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been frequently used to assess intra-muscular oxygenation past few decades. In recent years, refinement of NIRS hardware and algorithms used to convert changes in optical absorption to changes in concentration improved the validity of oxygenated haemoglobin (HbO2), deoxyhaemoglobin (Hb), myoglobin (Mb) and the oxidised copper compound of cytochrome aa3 , (c...

Neurological complications after cardiac surgery, ranging from permanent stroke to transient dysfunction, represent a key issue in the management of geriatric patients. Many patients aged 70 or more have history of neurological dysfunctions, which increases the risk of complications and sequelae. Severe neurologic diseases, such as strokes, occur in up to 6% of patients undergoing cardiac surge...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic changes can compensate for the decrease in cerebral blood flow occurring in patients with carotid occlusive disease. At present, a complete assessment of the cerebral adaptive status is only possible with positron-emission tomography. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive technique that, providing a real time assessment of f...