Nipple discharge is a common symptom that is alarming for the patient since it can be a presenting symptom of breast cancer. Breast imaging is used to examine women with pathologic nipple discharge in order to detect any lesions that may be present and to assist in the differential diagnosis. The modalities of breast imaging include mammography, breast ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonan...

BACKGROUND Many techniques have been reported for the correction of inverted nipples. However, the conventional methods may be insufficient, especially for moderate to severe inversions. We propose a modification of Elsahy's method and report satisfactory results. METHODS A single-institutional retrospective review was performed for all patients who received the modified operation. Patient ch...

INTRODUCTION Women with extremely large breasts have many complaints. Reduction mammaplasty improves shape and relieves physical symptoms and alleviates psychological complaints. Mammaplasty is a an evolving technique; no single method is ideal or suitable for all breasts. Many techniques are advocated for reduction mammaplasty, including the superior, vertical, horizontal, lateral and inferior...

BACKGROUND Societal awareness of transgender individuals has led to increased acceptance and demand for sex-confirming surgery. In female to male transsexuals, the most common procedure is removal of breast tissue to masculinize the chest. METHODS Eighty-eight transgender patients underwent either a subcutaneous nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with or without a periareolar mastopexy or nipple...

Three experiments were conducted to assess water intake, water wastage, and a means to decrease water wastage by growing-finishing pigs from nipple drinkers. In Exp. 1, 48 pigs were studied during two periods (average BW = 53 and 72 kg for Period 1 and 2, respectively). Water disappearance and wastage were determined for 4 d, while nipple drinkers were set at 50 mm above the shoulder height of ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the factors affecting prognosis of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) for chronic refractory Achilles tendinopathy (AT). METHODS Thirty-six patients (48 consecutive feet) with chronic AT (>6 months) and who underwent ESWT for 'poor' or 'fair' grade in Roles-Maudsley Score (RMS) after unsuccessful conservative treatment were included in the present study. A maximu...

PURPOSE This study presented a three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR)-based method to separate a breast into four quadrants for quantitative measurements of the quadrant breast volume (BV) and density. METHODS Breast MR images from 58 healthy women were studied. The breast and the fibroglandular tissue were segmented by using a computer-based algorithm. A breast was divided into four quadr...

This study aimed to examine the factors related to the ability to obtain nipple aspirate fluids in Chinese women and to evaluate the diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in nipple aspiration fluids. Cross-sectional and case-control studies were used to examine the factors associated with the ability to obtain nipple aspiration fluids. A matched case-control study was used to explo...

BACKGROUND The objective of this paper was to describe a novel technique for improving the maintenance of nipple projection in primary nipple reconstruction by using acellular dermal matrix as a strut in one of three different configurations, according to the method of prior breast reconstruction. The struts were designed to best fill the different types of dead spaces in nipple reconstruction ...