Many biological assays have as their basis a link to the oxidative status of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). Many dehydrogenase enzymes use these coenzymes to transfer hydrogen groups between molecules. Because the reduced forms of these molecules differ from the oxidized forms in their ability to absorb light, it is possible to qua...

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) interconverts inactive cortisone and active cortisol. Although bidirectional, in vivo it is believed to function as a reductase generating active glucocorticoid at a prereceptor level, enhancing glucocorticoid receptor activation. In this review, we discuss both the genetic and enzymatic characterization of 11beta-HSD1, as well as describ...

More attention has been paid to the production of commercial fatty acids by microbial fermentation. The basic biochemistry lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms under nitrogen limitation extensively studied. As an microorganism, Yarrowia lipolytica can produce acid-derived biofuels and biochemicals. However, response enzymes Y. glycerol remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed identify ra...

The flavin content of tissues and tissue homogenates has been reported from time to time (see, for example, (l)), but quantitative information on the partition of flavins in more defined preparations used in the study of electron transport systems is generally meager (cj. (2)). Recently, Ziegler, Green, and Doeg (3) claimed that beef heart mitochondria contain only flavin adenine dinucleotide i...

3-NPA 3-nitropropionic acid ADP adenosine diphosphate AKT protein kinase B AMP adenosine monophosphate AMPK adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase AP-1 activator protein 1 ATP adenosine triphosphate CAT catalase ERK extracellular signal regulated kinase FADH flavin adenine dinucleotide FOX forkhead box FOXO O class forkhead box GPx glutathione peroxidase GST glutathione S-transferase ...

A consideration of the earlier investigations of the nucleic acids would lead us to the conclusion that these substances yield among their hydrolytic products four purin derivatives, namely, xanthin, hypoxanthin, guanin, and adenin. Of these four bases hypoxanthin was the first discovered in this connection and was for a long time looked upon as the most constant in its occurrence, and, therefo...

Background and Purpose: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited disorder of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex. This disorder results in recurrent life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. Aspergillus species are the most common fungal infections in these patients. Case Report: Herein, we present a case of fungal infection in a girl wi...