The cause of Parkinson disease (PD) remains unknown. Progress has been made on the genetic front with the identification of specific gene mutations (e.g., -synuclein) associated with familial Parkinson syndromes. Because of their clinical heterogeneity there remains debate as to whether these genetic syndromes are representative of what has been considered classical PD. The identification of mu...

Exposure to cigarette smoke is by far the most common causative factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Occupational exposure to fumes, chemicals, dusts and environmental pollution is also an important cause of chronic productive cough. Emphysema developing as a consequence of an occupational exposure is extremely rare. We describe the rare occurrence of severe emphysema in a non-smok...

the current work was carried out to characterize welding of aisi 310 austenitic stainless steel to inconel 657 nickel-chromium superalloy. the welds were produced using four types of filler materials; the nickel-based corresponding to inconel 82, inconel a, inconel 617 and austenitic stainless steels 310. of the two joints involved, this paper describes the choice of welding consumables for the...

The possibility of using in vitro testing to determine the equivalence of risk for various occupational groups is discussed. In the absence of epidemiological evidence or relevant animal in vivo bioassays on which to determine the health effects of specific occupational exposures, it is proposed to use similarities in the in vitro response to substances with known (or strongly suspected) and un...

Metal arc welding ranges from primitive (manual) to increasingly complex automated welding processes. Welding occupies 1% of the labour force in some industrialised countries and increasing knowledge of health risks, necessitating improved assessment strategies and controls have been identified by the International Institute of Welding (IIW), ILO, WHO and other authoritative bodies. Challenges ...

Toxic trace metallic elements such as arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, and selenium are usually contained in coal in various forms and trace amounts. These metals will either stay in the ash or be vaporized during high temperature combustion. Portions of the vaporized metals may eventually be emitted from a combustion system in the form of metal f...

Under HSE’s wide-ranging initiative to bring about a reduction in occupational disease arising from exposure to dusts, gases, vapours and fumes, welders have been identified as an ‘at risk’ group. The initial stage in this process is to identify and set out the underlying evidence base for the potential ill-health effects arising from inhalation exposure. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to ...

© 2012 Gao, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Numerical Modelling to Understand Cracking Phenomena During Laser-GMA Hybrid Welding Nickel-Bas...