The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified nickel compounds as carcinogenic to humans, but it is still not known with certainty which forms of nickel pose the risk. In a case-control study of Norwegian nickel-refinery workers, the authors examined dose-related associations between lung cancer and cumulative exposure to four forms of nickel: water-soluble, sulfidic, oxidic, a...

A series of nickel-containing mesoporous silica samples (Ni-SiO₂) with different nickel content (3.1%-13.2%) were synthesized by the evaporation-induced self-assembly method. Their catalytic activity was tested in carbon dioxide reforming of methane. The characterization results revealed that the catalysts, e.g., 6.7%Ni-SiO₂, with highly dispersed small nickel particles, exhibited excellent cat...

Coenzyme F430 is a nickel porphinoid found in all methanogenic bacteria. Extended-X-ray-absorption-fine-structure (e.x.a.f.s.) spectra have been recorded above the nickel K-edge of coenzyme F430 and two model compounds, (5,10,15,20-tetramethylporphinato) nickel(II) and (5,10,15,20-tetramethylchlorinato)-nickel(II). The results show that the four nickel-nitrogen distances in F430 are split, with...

Experimental studies on animaIs exposed to nickel and various nickel compounds were reviewed previously in the lARC Monographs (!ARC,. 1976, 1987). Recen~ reviews on the biological and carcinogenic properties of nickel have been compiled by Fairhurst and Illng (1987), Kasprzak (1987) and Sunderman (1989), among others. In addition, a detailed document on the health effects of nickel has been

Nickel is a well-known human lung carcinogen with the particulate form being the most potent; however, the carcinogenic mechanism remains largely unknown. Few studies have investigated the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of nickel in its target cell, human bronchial epithelial cells. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the effects of particulate nickel in human lung epithelial cell...

For the treatment of acute poisoning from the inhalation of nickel carbonyl, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (Dithiocarb) has proved to be a specific antidote; tetraethylthiuram (Antabuse) is effective to a lesser degree; d-penicillamine and dimercaprol (BAL) have limited therapeutic value. For the treatment of nickel eczema and dermatitis, favorable response has been obtained by placing patients...

Nickel is a potent environmental pollutant in industrial countries. Because nickel compounds are carcinogenic, exposure to nickel represents a serious hazard to human health. The understanding of how nickel exerts its toxic and carcinogenic effects at a molecular level may be important in risk assessment, as well as in the treatment and prevention of occupational diseases. Previously, using hum...

Five nickel compounds were adm inistered to rats by intrarenal (ir ) injec­ tion to assess the relative efficacies of the compounds for induction of erythrocytosis, based upon measurements of blood packed cell volume (PCV) at intervals from one to six months after the injection. Nickel subsul­ fide (aN i3S2) was the most potent inducer of erythrocytosis, followed by crystalline nickel monosulfi...

Toxicity testing in AS52 cells (24-hr exposures) gave LC50 values of 2 to 130 micrograms Ni/ml for particulate nickel compounds and 45 to 60 micrograms Ni/ml for water-soluble salts (NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni(CH3COO)2). The Ni(OH)2, NiCO3, and sulfides (Ni3S2, Ni7S6, "amorphous NiS") exhibited similar toxicities (LC50's of 2 to 8 micrograms Ni/ml), while three nickel oxides were more variable and less t...

Synonyms, trade names, and molecular formulae for nickel, nickel alloys, and selected nickel compounds are presented in Table 1.1. This list is not exhaustive, nor does it necessarily reflect the commercial importance of the various nickel-containing substances, but it is indicative of the range of nickel alloys and compounds available, including some compounds that are important commercially, ...