INTRODUCTION The first H5N1 outbreak in Burkina Faso was reported to the World Organization for Animal Health on 3 April 2006. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and Newcastle disease virus among domestic and wild birds in highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks areas. METHODOLOGY We collected paired tracheal and...

More effective vaccines are needed to control avian diseases. The use of chicken interferon gamma (chIFNγ) during vaccination is a potentially important but controversial approach that may improve the immune response to antigens. In the present study, three different systems to co-deliver chIFNγ with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antigens were evaluated for their ability to enhance the avian im...

Effects of XME, XDE and XTE (xanthocillin X monoand dimethylether, and methoxy-xanthocillin X dimethylether) on multiplication of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and on proliferation of chick embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) were examined. At low multiplicity, XME, XDE and XTE suppressed CPE at low concentrations. At high multiplicity, XME (10 mcg/ml) completely inhibited occurrence of CPE and synth...

This study was designed to examine the impact of competitive non-protective antigens in a bivalent killed vaccine of Newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis (IB) virus on seroconversions against protective fusion protein of Newcastle disease (ND) virus (NDV), in free-range layers primed by live ND-clone 30 and IB-H120 vaccines. The experimental design included two free-range layer far...

UNLABELLED Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of chickens caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). The disease is controlled mainly through biosecurity and vaccination with live attenuated strains of ILTV and vectored vaccines based on turkey herpesvirus (HVT) and fowlpox virus (FPV). The current live attenuated vaccines (chicken embr...

To determine the role of amino acid sequences of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) cytoplasmic tail in Newcastle disease virus (NDV) replication and pathogenicity, we generated recombinant NDVs with a deletion or point mutation in the N-terminal cytoplasmic tail. The first 2-amino-acid deletion in the cytoplasmic tail did not affect the biological characteristics of NDV. However, a 4-amino-a...

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases that affect birds; the epizootic nature of the disease has caused severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. In this experiment ND virus (NDV) was inactivated by two different chemicals binary ethylenimine (BEI) and formaldehyde. Formaldehyde was used at 0.1%, while BEI was used at concentrations of 1 to 4 mM. NDV inact...

on june 2005, a respiratory disease was observed in the chickens of a large broiler farm in kermanshahprovince, west of iran. relatively severe respiratory signs started with sneezing at 27 days of age. thedisease lasted up to the end of fattening period and accompanied by increased mortality (13.6%). at postmortemexamination, tracheitis, airsacculitis and pneumonia were obvious. serologic exam...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was demonstrated to induce intrinsic interference to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in human fibroblast cells under noncytopathic conditions. This interference is unique in that (i) cytomegalovirus is the first DNA virus demonstrated to have this property and (ii) the state of interference was transient and progressively lost as the condition of the cells changed with the d...