Newcastle disease is a viral disease of birds caused by avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1). For official control purposes, this disease is currently defined as the most severe form of the illness, which is caused only by certain viral strains. Many less virulent strains of APMV-1 also circulate among domesticated and wild birds. These viruses usually cause much milder clinical signs or infect birds...

Newcastle disease is a viral disease of birds caused by avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1). For official control purposes, this disease is currently defined as the most severe form of the illness, which is caused only by certain viral strains. Many less virulent strains of APMV-1 also circulate among domesticated and wild birds. These viruses usually cause much milder clinical signs or infect birds...

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian virus that is being evaluated as a vaccine vector for the delivery of foreign genes in mammals. The use of NDV as a vaccine vector in these species offers two major advantages. First, NDV is highly attenuated in mammals, rendering its use inherently safe. Second, mammals lack pre-existing NDV immunity, which minimizes the risk of vaccination failure. ND...

This study evaluates the effects of Sargassum pallidum polysaccharides (SPP) on the immune responses in a chicken model. The adjuvanticity of Sargassum pallidum polysaccharides in Newcastle disease (ND), infectious bronchitis (IB) and avian influenza (AI) was investigated by examining the antibody titers and lymphocyte proliferation following immunization in chickens. The chickens were administ...

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases that affect birds; the epizootic nature of the disease has caused severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. In this experiment ND virus (NDV) was inactivated by two different chemicals binary ethylenimine (BEI) and formaldehyde. Formaldehyde was used at 0.1%, while BEI was used at concentrations of 1 to 4 mM. NDV inact...

The immunologie efficacy of inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines against Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) by use of embryo vaccination technology was evaluated. The vaccine antigens were prepared from LaSota strain of ND and H9N2 strain of AI viruses. These antigens were emulsified with an oil adjuvant. 18-day-old embryonated eggs from Aryan broiler breeder were divided into three g...

General theories on the inactivation of viruses in the presence of a concentrated protein, such as the allantoic fluid of chicken eggs, are not useful. That is, although sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide are generally known as strong virucidal agents, they do not sufficiently inactivate viruses in allantoic fluid. We found that benzalkonium chloride (BC) is an effective virucidal agent a...

Newcastle Disease is still endemic in Pakistan’s poultry industry and responsible for great economic losses and high mortalities. Avian Influenza Virus has been involved in production losses in past few years, with or without the association of Newcastle Disease in the field. Therefore, present study was planned to evaluate the cross protection between Avian Influenza Virus and Newcastle Diseas...

Newcastle disease (ND) is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae in the genus Avulavirus. There are ten serotypes of avian paramyxoviruses designated APMV-I to APMV-10 and ND virus (NDV) has been designated APMV-1. NDV has also been categorised into five pathotypes based on clinical signs in infected chickens, designated: a) viscerotropic velogenic, b) neurotropic velogenic, c) mesogenic, d) le...

The poultry industry depends heavily on immunization, particularly with live attenuated vaccines. These vaccines are commonly not adjuvanted and can be either injected or delivered in birds’ mucosa. In the current study we evaluated protective efficacy of non-adjuvanted Newcastle disease virus (LaSota strain) Three NDV were used to vaccinate three groups chickens. same immunizations administere...