The interpretability of Machiavelli’s political thought relates, in the most part, to the concept of virtue and its dimensions. In Western thought, this concept has had continuity and has reached the Renaissance and Machiavelli’s times. In the Roman and Medieval tradition, philosophical, verbal, religious and even literary and historical approaches were dominant in the clarification and explana...

This research is a study that include those subjects in which Ijtihad (diligence) practiced by jurisprudence fundamentalists. In way it indicates the issue of Ijtihad, and declares scope width diligence practicing Ijtihad. where there no proofed contexts on stable level text its interpretation; rather than absolute texts. Moreover, this investigates issues Shari’a has contexts. paper aims at de...

judgement about friedrich nietzsche as a criticizer of modern culture and a new establisher in culture and thought of the new world, is a very difficult task. but criticizing of morality, philosophy and culture during the last ages is an effort that nietzsche has done it and in this way he notified the effects of corruption on human will and life. nietzsche in his new establishing in reaction t...

after the iranian mashrooté revolution, the shiite political thought faced a new era of much attention, contemplation and explanation, when religious scholars embarked on a new research project to address the new situation. the most serious attempt to deal with the theoretical gap and crisis in islamic state was contributed by imam khomaini. in his theory of state, he conjoined the shiite princ...