based on a general rule in civil liability, external causes limits or excludes the liability of defendant. however, the question is that whether it is possible to applied the general rule when there are compulsory liability insurances? this paper is intended to study the subject-matter regarding traffic accidents (as one of the anticipated cases of compulsory insurances) in iranian and french l...

Making a thermal analysis in the context of NLO SU(3) Chiral Perturbation Theory we see that isospin breaking (IB) corrections (both electromagnetic and QCD ones) to quark condensates are of order O(e2) and O(ε), with ε the π0−η mixing angle. However the combination χuu− χud of flavour breaking susceptibilities, which vanishes in the isospin limit and can be identified essentially with the conn...

This article provides a brief review of recent developments in Markov chain Monte Carlo methodology. The methods discussed include the standard Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, the Gibbs sampler, and various special cases of interest to practitioners. It also devotes a section on strategies for improving mixing rate of MCMC samplers, e.g., simulated tempering, parallel tempering, parameter expans...

Recently developed analytic approximation for the equation of state of fully ionized nonideal electron-ion plasma mixtures [A. Y. Potekhin, G. Chabrier, and F. J. Rogers, Phys. Rev. E 79, 016411 (2009)], which covers the transition between the weak and strong Coulomb coupling regimes and reproduces numerical results obtained in the hypernetted-chain (HNC) approximation, is modified in order to ...

In most supersymmetric theories charginos, χ̃1,2, belong to the class of the lightest supersymmetric particles. The chargino system can be reconstructed completely in e+e− collider experiments: e+e− → χ̃i χ̃j [i, j = 1, 2]. By measuring the total cross sections and the asymmetries with polarized beams, the chargino masses and the gaugino–higgsino mixing angles of these states can be determined acc...

There is a long history of cryptographic hash functions, i.e. functions mapping variable-length strings to fixed-length strings, with such functions also expected to enjoy certain security properties. Hash functions can be effected via modular arithmetic, recursive permutation-based schemes, chaotic mixing, and so on. Herein we introduce the notion of an Artificial Life (or ALife) hash function...

Starting from the unmixed Lagrangian, the electro-weak radiative corrections are recomputed using symmetrical generalised functions. All gauge bosons acquire an indeterminate mass. Electro-weak mixing is obtained by diagonalization of the mass matrix. The W/Z mass ratio follows automatically. The Higgs mechanism is not needed to generate the vector boson masses. A mass sum rule is postulated to...