Abstract Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons within substantia nigra pars compacta and presence protein aggregates in surviving neurons. The LRRK2 G2019S mutation one major determinants familial cases leads to late-onset with pleomorphic pathology, including α-synuclein accumulation deposition inclusions. We demonstrated that phosphorylat...

PURPOSE Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy caused by the chronic and progressive death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), resulting in irreversible blindness. Ocular hypertension is a major risk factor, but RGC death often continues after ocular hypertension is normalized, and can take place with normal tension. Continuous RGC death was related in rodents and humans to the local upregulation of neu...

Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction are common hallmarks for neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington diseases, and the motor neuron disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Damaged mitochondria pivotally contribute to neurotoxicity and neuronal cell death in these disorders, e.g., due to their inability to provide the high energy requirements for neurons, their g...

Many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's and the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (prion diseases), are characterized at autopsy by neuronal loss and protein aggregates that are typically fibrillar. A convergence of evidence strongly suggests that protein aggregation is neurotoxic and not a product of cell death. However, the identity of the neurotoxic agg...

Nanoparticles derived from plants known for their high content of flavonoids provide a biologically inspired route to design therapeutic agents and a means of reducing metal nanoparticle toxicity. Little is currently known on the anti-neurotoxicity of Salvia officinalis L. extracts and their corresponding nanoparticles. In the present study, anti-neurotoxic stress activity of S. officinalis ext...

This brief report has been developed as an appendix to the article, “Developmental Neurotoxicity of Industrial Chemicals – A Silent Pandemic,” by Philippe Grandjean and Philip Landrigan, published in the November 8 online edition of The Lancet. An expanded search for neurotoxic chemicals revealed that 278 additional chemicals are considered to be neurotoxic by the (U.S.) National Institute of O...

OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence, severity, and spectrum of neurologic toxic effects associated with administration of amiodarone hydrochloride. DESIGN Retrospective medical record analysis of cardiac patients treated with amiodarone between January 1, 1996, and July 31, 2008. SETTING Residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, treated at the Mayo Clinic. PATIENTS The Mayo Clinic medical rec...