Hypothyroidism is a clinical entity very commonly encountered in practices. Untreated hypothyroidism can lead to hypertension, dyslipidemia, infertility, cognitive impairment, neurological and neuromuscular involvements. Neurological complications include reversible cerebellar ataxia, dementia, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, coma, encephalopathy (Hashimoto's encephalopathy), disorders. The d...

Background: Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurological diseases, which typically present with progressive lower extremity weakness and spasticity causing progressive walking difficulties. Complicating neurological or extraneurological features may be present. Case Report: We describe a 19-year-old male who was referred because of a...

Fahr's disease or Fahr's syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal symmetrical calcifications of the basal ganglia, thalami, sub-cortical hemispheric white matter and deep cerebellar nuclei. It can be idiopathic or associated with an endocrinopathy, frequently with parathyroid disorder. Clinical spectrum of the disease is wide ranging from neurological features lik...

mitochondrial disorders (mids) may occasionaly go along with dysmorphism but hand deformities, as in the following case, have been only rarely reported. a 72 year old female with ptosis, hypoacusis, tremor, myopathy, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, severe cardiac disease, pulmonary hypertension, gastric carcinoid, hepatopathy, generalised atherosclerosis, anemia, polyarthrosis, and hy...