Objective. Balloon enteroscopy (BE) and capsule enteroscopy (CE) are enteroscopy methods that allow examination and treatment of the small bowel. Before the CE and BE era, the small intestine was difficult to access for investigation. Small intestinal tumours are infrequent conditions, but about half of them are malignant. Materials and Methods. A total of 303 BEs were performed in 179 patients...

the proposed iafc neural networks have both stability and plasticity because theyuse a control structure similar to that of the art-1(adaptive resonance theory) neural network.the unsupervised iafc neural network is the unsupervised neural network which uses the fuzzyleaky learning rule. this fuzzy leaky learning rule controls the updating amounts by fuzzymembership values. the supervised iafc ...

objective: the neural crest is a transient structure of early vertebrate embryos that generates neural crest cells (nccs). these cells can migrate throughout the body and produce a diverse array of mature tissue types. due to the ethical and technical problems surrounding the isolation of these early human embryo cells, researchers have focused on in vitro studies to produce nccs and increase t...

drought is random and nonlinear phenomenon and using linear stochastic models, nonlinear artificial neural network and hybrid models is advantaged for drought forecasting. this paper presents the performances of autoregressive integrated moving average (arima), direct multi-step neural network (dmsnn), recursive multi-step neural network (rmsnn), hybrid stochastic neural network of directive ap...

objective: embryonic stem cells (escs) are pluripotent cells capable of extensive proliferation while maintaining their potential to differentiate into any cell type. the therapeutic potential of these cells are promising, but in many cases limited by our inability to promote their differentiation. in this study we examined the effect of inducer factors in direct differentiation of mouse escs i...

The proposed IAFC neural networks have both stability and plasticity because theyuse a control structure similar to that of the ART-1(Adaptive Resonance Theory) neural network.The unsupervised IAFC neural network is the unsupervised neural network which uses the fuzzyleaky learning rule. This fuzzy leaky learning rule controls the updating amounts by fuzzymembership values. The supervised IAFC ...

estimation (forecasting) of industrial production costs is one of the most important factor affecting decisions in the highly competitive markets. thus, accuracy of the estimation is highly desirable. hibrid regression neural network is an approach proposed in this paper to obtain better fitness in comparison with regression analysis and the neural network methods. comparing the estimated resul...

in this paper, a novel hybrid method based on learning algorithmof fuzzy neural network and newton-cotesmethods with positive coefficient for the solution of linear fredholm integro-differential equation of the second kindwith fuzzy initial value is presented. here neural network isconsidered as a part of large field called neural computing orsoft computing. we propose alearning algorithm from ...