Image representation via machine learning is an approach to quantitatively represent histopathological images of head and neck tumors for future applications artificial intelligence-assisted pathological diagnosis systems. Objective: This study compares image representations produced by a pre-trained convolutional neural network (VGG16) those vision transformer (ViT-L/14) in terms the classific...

A b st r a ct. The problem of how best to generalize from a given learning set of input-output examples is cent ral to the fields of neur al nets, statistics, approximation theory, and artificial intelligence. This series of pap ers inve stigates this problem from within an abst ract and mod elindepend ent fr amework and then test s some of the resultant concept s in real-world situations. In t...