BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The elderly have suffered from visual impairment for thousands of years. This report evaluates the first documented cases of visual disability in the elderly as described in the Bible. RESULTS Three old men suffered from a gradual loss of vision. It is more likely that either mature cataract, or age-related macular degeneration, or asymptomatic open-angle glaucoma, or isc...

Peripheral nerve regeneration occurs spontaneously after injury due to the permissive environment and activation of intrinsic growth capacity neurons. Injuries can be divided into three categories: neurapraxia, axonotmesis neurotmesis. Wallerian degeneration neurotmesis, affecting axon distal site damage. After this phase is complete, damaged neurons try rebuild fibers with axonal budding. Axon...

The clinical signs of leprosy include, besides other things, hypopigmentation, anidrosis, keratosis, depilation and anesthesia in patches of skin, or anesthesia and trophic changes in extremities apart from skin lesions. All these signs are generally ascribed to the degeneration of nerves. There is no doubt that degenerative changes do take place in the peripheral nerves and their branches, and...

In a wounded nerve fiber, the distal segment separated from the nerve cell body, suffer an anterograde or Wallerian degeneration and within the proximal segment of the axon appear a retrograde or traumatic degeneration. The regeneration of peripheral nervous fibers is a complex process, with multiple interactions. The factors that are stimulating the regeneration of the peripheral nervous fiber...

Motor nerve terminals are known to be vulnerable to a wide range of pathological stimuli. To further characterize this vulnerability, we have developed a novel model system to examine the response of mouse motor nerve terminals in ex vivo nerve/muscle preparations to 2 h hypoxia followed by 2 h reperfusion. This insult induced a rapid loss of neurofilament and synaptic vesicle protein immunorea...

Abstract As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a multidimensional threat humanity, more evidence of neurological involvement associated with it has emerged. Neuroimmune interaction may prove important not only in pathogenesis manifestations but also prevent systemic hyperinflammation. In this review, we summarize reports COVID-19 cases involvement, followed by disc...

PURPOSE To compare the effects of post-penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and post-keratoprosthesis (KPro) surgery-related inflammation on the posterior segment of the eye and to assess inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) on these effects. METHODS BALB/C (syngeneic) or C57BL/6 (allogeneic) corneas were transplanted onto BALB/C host beds as part of PK or ...

Cancer patients treated with antimitotic drugs in the taxane and vinca alkaloid classes sometimes develop a chronic painful peripheral neuropathy whose cause is not understood. In animal models of painful peripheral neuropathy due to nerve trauma or diabetes there is obvious axonal degeneration accompanied by an abnormal incidence of spontaneous discharge in A-fiber and C-fiber nociceptors. But...

Different somatic motor neuron subpopulations show a differential vulnerability to degeneration in diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy and spinobulbar muscular atrophy. Studies in mutant superoxide dismutase 1 over-expressing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model mice indicate that initiation of disease is intrinsic to motor neurons, while progression is promot...

Nerve distal axon injury-induced Wallerian degeneration is significantly delayed in Wallerian degeneration slow (Wld(s)) mutant mice, although the associated mechanisms are not completely clear and the role of Wld(s) in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) body damage is not fully understood. In the present study, a Wallerian degeneration model was established in wild-type (WT) and Wld(s) mutant mice by...