Outcomes assessed in the review Neonatal mortality, total mortality, pneumothorax, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, X-ray grade at 6 hours (grades 3 to 4), number receiving oxygen at 28 days, number receiving oxygen at 36 weeks, all brain haemorrhages, intraventricular haemorrhages (grade 3 and 4), periventricular leukomalacia, patent ductus arteriosus, necrotising enterocolitis, retinopathy o...

background: prematurity is the main cause of death in infants under one years of age and is the main reason for nicu hospitalization. the stressful environment of nicu exposes preterm infants to inappropriate stimuli. this study aimed to determine and compare the mean of heart rate and oxygen saturation of premature infants before and during a designed program in nicu. methods: in a clinical tr...

Rapid evolution has rarely been assessed in biological control systems despite the similarity with biological invasions, which are widely used as model systems. We assessed post-introduction climatic adaptation in a population of Longitarsus jacobaeae, a biological control agent of Jacobaea vulgaris, which originated from a low-elevation site in Italy and was introduced in the USA to a high-ele...

OBJECTIVES This study investigated how ambient light affects the diagnostic accuracy of dental carious lesions on monitors used in dental practice. Specifically, the aim was to evaluate whether a monitor hood for blocking excess ambient light increases practitioners' ability to accurately diagnose carious lesions on digital radiographs under bright ambient light conditions. METHODS 7 observer...

Wheezing is a major long-term respiratory morbidity in preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We hypothesized that mild vs. severe hyperoxic exposure in neonatal mice differentially affects airway smooth muscle hypertrophy and resultant airway reactivity. Newborn mice were exposed to 7 days of mild (40% oxygen) or severe (70% oxygen) hyperoxia vs. room air controls. Respir...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that preterm birth with or without subsequent chronic lung disease is associated with reduced functional residual capacity (FRC) and increased ventilation inhomogeneity in the neonatal period. We aimed to establish whether such findings are associated with the degree of prematurity, neonatal respiratory illness and disproportionate somatic growth. ME...

In order to increase containment efficiency and reduce energy consumption, an inclined quad-vortex range hood (IQV range hood) was developed and tested by experimental methods. The flow structure was observed by a laser-assisted flow visualization technique and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). Leakage characteristics were measured by the tracer gas (sulfur hexafluoride) detection method. By arr...

In order to recognize the problems associated with the transport mechanism of containment during the ventilation process of a laboratory fume hood, a transparent, full scale chemical fume hood is constructed for experimental studies. Distributions of mean velocity and velocity fluctuation in the sash plane are measured using a thermal anemometer. Flow patterns and tracer-gas concentration leaka...

Street gangs pose serious threats to their members, to their victims, and to communities at large. The behavior problems associated with gangs are many and varied. Suggested causes for the emergence of gangs are complicated, and many of them are interdependent. Interventions planned to rehabilitate individuals and to weaken the power of the gang are numerous. Research shows that few of these in...

omites, the precursors of vertebrae, striated muscle, and dermis, are laid down in a timed sequence from anterior to posterior. Now, Alexander Aulehla, Bernhard Herrmann (Max-PlanckInstitut für Immunbiologie, Freiburg, Germany), and colleagues report that a gradient and two dueling molecular clocks, all driven directly or indirectly by Wnt3a, combine to create the striped pattern of somites. Th...