OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between neighbourhood greenspace and type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING 3 diabetes screening studies conducted in Leicestershire, UK in 2004-2011. The percentage of greenspace in the participant's home neighbourhood (3 km radius around home postcode) was obtained from a Land Cover Map. Demographic and biomedical variables were measured...

OBJECTIVE Understanding the mechanisms by which neighbourhood environments influence childhood obesity is needed to facilitate the development of prevention strategies. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify the distinct types of neighbourhoods in which Canadian children reside and examine the extent to which physical activity and sedentary behaviour mediate the relationshi...

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the associations between objectively assessed neighbourhood environmental attributes and depressive symptoms in Hong Kong Chinese older adults and the moderating effects of neighbourhood environmental attributes on the associations between living arrangements and depressive symptoms. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Hong Kong. PART...

BACKGROUND Physical activity is essential for health; walking is the easiest way to incorporate activity into everyday life. Previous studies report positive associations between neighbourhood walkability and walking but most focused on cities in North America and Australasia. Urban form with respect to street connectivity, residential density and land use mix-common components of walkability i...

AIM To investigate the effect of the neighbourhood built environment on trajectories of depression symptom episodes in adults from the general Canadian population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used 10 years of data collection (2000/01-2010/11) from the Canadian National Population Health Study (n = 7114). Episodes of depression symptoms were identified using the Composite International Diag...

In this paper, we use the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth data to examine the links between child well-being and neighbourhood 'quality.' This study adds to the literature by (i) investigating the relationship between neighbourhood quality and child health, (ii) by utilizing subjective assessments by individuals familiar with the neighbourhood (i.e., the survey respo...

Three-neighbourhood Cellular Automata (CA) are widely studied and accepted as suitable cryptographic primitive. Rule 30, a 3-neighbourhood CA rule, was proposed as an ideal candidate for cryptographic primitive by Wolfram. However, rule 30 was shown to be weak against Meier-Staffelbach attack [7]. The cryptographic properties like diffusion and randomness increase with increase in neighbourhood...

This paper aims to investigate the role of sustainability protocols at neighborhood scale (Neighborhood Sustainable Assessment Tools) as possible tools support measurement implement effective design strategies for built environment. Despite that cities and environment are forefront achieving complex goal sustainable development, there is still a gap regarding what most appropriate ways measure ...

A graph G = (V, E) is called (k, k′)-total weight choosable if the following holds: For any total list assignment L which assigns to each vertex x a set L(x) of k real numbers, and assigns to each edge e a set L(e) of k′ real numbers, there is a mapping f : V ∪ E → R such that f(y) ∈ L(y) for any y ∈ V ∪ E and for any two adjacent vertices x, x′, ∑ e∈E(x) f(e)+f(x) 6= ∑ e∈E(x′) f(e)+f(x ′). We ...