conclusions the findings point to a relationship between neighborhood characteristics and obesity only in the azeri turks. however, educational level was more important than neighborhood quality in predicting the risk of obesity results three common neighborhood environments were identified: 1) modern-affluent, 2) central-high access and 3) marginal. these three factors explained 73.2% of the t...

following the idea of $l$-fuzzy neighborhood system as introduced byfu-gui shi, and its generalization to $(l,m)$-fuzzy neighborhood system, the relationship between  $(l,m)$-fuzzy topology and $(l,m)$-fuzzy neighborhood system will be further studied. as an application of the obtained results, we will describe the initial structures of $(l,m)$-fuzzy neighborhood subspaces and $(l,m)$-fuzzy top...

The purpose of this study is to assess whether the existing signals in three European cities were developed according usability principles and ergonomic aspects for the citizen. City maps and signals will be tested using efficiency, effectiveness and user's satisfaction criteria. Among the urban areas are the center of Paris-FR, assumed to be well signalized, the historical center of Guimarães-...

In this paper, new definitions of $L$-fuzzy closure operator, $L$-fuzzy interior operator, $L$-fuzzy remote neighborhood system, $L$-fuzzy neighborhood system and $L$-fuzzy quasi-coincident neighborhood system are proposed. It is proved that the category of $L$-fuzzy closure spaces, the category of $L$-fuzzy interior spaces, the category of $L$-fuzzy remote neighborhood spaces, the category of ...

Using microdata from CoreLogic and Gallup between 2008 and 2014, we study the impact of foreclosures on individual well-being. We identify the causal effect of foreclosures by instrumenting them using variation in interest rate spikes associated with different types of adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs), conditional on controls and zipcode and time fixed effects. We find that a 10% rise in forecl...

The usual way for solving constraint satisfaction problems is to use a backtracking algorithm One of the key factors in its e ciency is the rule it will use to decide on which variable to branch next namely the variable ordering heuristics In this paper we attempt to give a general formulation of dynamic variable ordering heuristics that take into account the properties of the neighborhood of t...

regarding iranian old cities, neighborhood has been a real place to live, a space for social interaction as well as economic activities. the concept of neighborhood has always been accompanied with senses of well-being, security and identity. in parallel with urban developments and changing lifestyles, neighborhoods have also faced the significant changes. in tehran as the capital, the changes ...

background: the purpose of this study is to determine association between personal, family, neighborhood, and social network characteristics and perceived intimacy in the neighborhood by the women. methods: in this cross‑sectional study, we applied a two‑stage sampling method to choose a representative sample of 150 married women and housewives, aged 15 to 49 years, who had education between si...

Main methods, algorithms and applications of the Variable Neighborhood Search metaheuristic are surveyed, in view of a chapter of the Encyclopedia of Optimization.