Traditional credit card payment is not secure against credit card frauds because an attacker can easily know a semisecret credit card number that is repetitively used. Recently one-time transaction number has been proposed by some researchers and credit card companies to enhance the security in credit card payment. Following this idea, we present a practical security enhancement scheme for one-...

This article presents a simple environment giving rise to banks that create and lend out money. We define money to be any object that circulates widely as a means of payment. In our model, this object takes the form of a fully secured and redeemable bearer bond. This monetary instrument is issued by an agent that can credibly commit to monitoring a pool of real investments; that is, this capita...

The objective of the study is to assess maternal factors contributing to under-five mortality at birth order 1 to 5 in India. Data for this study was derived from the children's record of the 2007 India National Family Health Survey, which is a nationally representative cross-sectional household survey. Data is segregated according to birth order 1 to 5 to assess mother's occupation, Mother's e...