Wright B. BMJ Case Rep 2017. doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-219714 Description A 19-year-old HIV-positive man was referred to the ENT (ear, nose and throat) team with dysphagia and intermittent hearing loss. He had a CD4 count of 70 cells/mm (9%) and was receiving antiretroviral treatment (Raltegravir and Truvada). He had known Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) skin lesions on the neck and arms, and a left-sided lev...

The purpose of the study was to establish a dynamics model and a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model to analyze loading characteristics of femoral neck during walking, squat, single-leg standing, and forward and lateral lunges. One male volunteer performed three trials of the five movements. The 3D kinematic data were captured and imported into the LifeMOD to establish a musculoskeletal...

Closed reduction and fixation with 3 cannulated screws is a widely accepted surgery for the treatment of femoral neck fractures. However, how to obtain optimal screw placement remains unclear. In the current study, the authors designed a guide pin positioning system for femoral neck fracture cannulated screw fixation and examined its application value by comparing it with freehand guide needle ...

The aim of this study was to analyse patterns of metastatic spread from cutaneous head and neck melanoma, which are said to be highly variable. The medical records of 145 patients with pathologically proven metastatic melanoma were reviewed retrospectively. The location of pathologically positive lymph nodes was compared with clinically predicted spread, and patients with metastatic disease in ...

BACKGROUND Lymphatic drainage from skin on the head and neck is complex. We sought to provide improved visualization and analysis of the patterns of head and neck skin lymphatic drainage using aggregated lymphoscintigraphy data. METHODS Lymphoscintigraphy data from 929 patients with cutaneous melanoma on the head and neck collected at the Sydney Melanoma Unit have been mapped onto a 3-dimensi...

BACKGROUND Neck dissection of levels I and IIB is time consuming and can cause several comorbidities. The aim was to analyze whether levels I and IIB need to be dissected in patients with oropharyngeal cancer and clinical N0 or N+ neck. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 77 patients with oropharyngeal cancer was carried out with evaluation of the incidence of neck node metastasi...

OBJECTIVE To define the gross and microscopic anatomy, and the surgical significance, of the newly described retrotrigonal layer of the bladder neck, as an aid during robotic radical prostatectomy (RRP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The data for this study were obtained from five fresh cadaveric dissections and 100 consecutive RRPs. Five male cadavers with no previous pelvic or urethral surgery were...