flocculation processes during estuarine mixing can reduce the elemental concentrations of river water. in the present investigation, natural flocculation processes concept is used to reduce the elemental contents of industrial wastewater. for this purpose, various amounts of saline water were added to an artificial industrial wastewater with known concentrations of heavy metals. the results of ...

the purpose of this study is comparison of manganese absorption capacity by natural and modified zeolite. for this purpose used by from semnan mines zeolite with mean particle diameter of 360 micrometer. for modified zeolite, 5 g amount of natural zeolite with 100 ml of 1 m sodium chloride solution mixed and maintained at 24 hours in room temperature. for measure specific surface of absorbents,...

Nowadays, we notice a proliferation of bio-inspired approaches that use various biological metaphors to deal with software complexity and maintenance. This proliferation is emphasized by the amount of improvement that has occurred in hardware technology as well as development tools and methods. Unfortunately, we notice a lack of a suitable framework that positions approaches, characterizes thei...

We introduce a new approach to the modelling of network traffic, consisting of a semi-experimental methodology combining models with data, and a class of point processes, cluster models, to represent the process of packet arrivals in a physically meaningful way. Wavelets are used to examine second order statistics, and particular attention is paid to the modelling of long-range dependence and t...

A forced-gradient tracer test was conducted at the Georgetown site to study the transport of natural organic matter (NOM) in groundwater. In particular, the goal of this experiment was to investigate the interactions between NOM and the aquifer matrix. A detailed three-dimensional characterization of the hydrologic conductivity heterogeneity of the site was obtained using slug tests. The transp...

Natural analogues allow scientists to investigate biogeochemical processes relevant to radioactive waste disposal that occur on time scales longer than those that may be studied by time-limited laboratory experiments. The Palmottu U-Th deposit in Finland and the Bangombé natural nuclear reactor in Gabon involve the study of natural uranium, and are both considered natural analogues for subsurfa...

This chapter is concerned with how computational ideas can be used as the basis for understanding biological systems, not by simulating such systems, but by taking a computational stance towards the way such systems work. A number of issues are addressed. Firstly the question of what kinds of computer science are needed to help understand computational processes which happen outside of conventi...

In this paper we investigate the interactions between biochemical reactions from the natural computing point of view. Natural computing (see, e.g., [6, 7]) is concerned with human-designed computing inspired by nature and with computation taking place in nature (i.e., it investigates processes taking place in nature in terms of information processing). The former strand of research is quite wel...

Many geophysical quantities, such as atmospheric temperature, water levels in rivers, and wind speeds, have shown evidence of long memory (LM). LM implies that these quantities experience non-trivial temporal memory, which potentially not only enhances their predictability, but also hampers the detection of externally forced trends. Thus, it is important to reliably identify whether or not a sy...

Talking about models of cognition, the very mention of “computationalism” often incites reactions against the insufficiency of the Turing machine model, its abstractness and determinism and lack of naturalist foundations, triviality and absence of clarity. None of those objections necessarily undermines viability of models based on natural computation or computing nature where the model of comp...