Introduction The application of geographic information systems (GISs) to natural hazard risk management is a relatively new and emerging science. Coppock (1995) notes that GIS has made a contribution to various facets of natural hazard risk management since risk is a multi-dimensional and multidisciplinary phenomenon, which have a spatial component, whatever their initial focus. Hence, the succ...

Introduction Worldwide, economic damages attributed to natural disasters tripled from the 1960s The economic, social, and environmental costs and losses associated with drought are also increasing dramatically, although it is difficult to quantify this trend precisely because of the lack of reliable historical estimates of losses. White and Haas estimated in 1975 that the average annual crop lo...

The theoretical study of the effect of Corticosterone release scores was determined. Formulae of fuzzy two parameter Weibull distribution, fuzzy Survival and fuzzy hazard rate function and its α-cut sets were presented. Using fuzzy survival and hazard rate model based on two parameter Weibull distributions, we showed that in the test termination, if the fuzzy Survival value increases then the f...

Due to the particular geographical location and geological condition, Taiwan is constantly attacked by typhoons, flood, landslides, debris flows, and earthquakes. Those natural hazards had caused huge loss of lives and properties. To reduce the damages and losses caused by the natural hazards, an integrated and complete decision support system for decision makers is necessary. In this study, Sa...

before giving any preliminary definition of “hazard” (calamity) and “hazardology”, it is important to notice that “who” is giving this definition, a geologist, a sociologist, an ethnologist, an expert in law, a religionologist, etc? certainly, each of these people has their own personal assumptions & presuppositions and so will look at the matter from a different point of view. also, there are ...

The objective of this study was to examine the properties of Bayes estimators of the parameter, reliability function and hazard rate under the symmetric and asymmetric loss functions for the inverted exponential model. The Bayes predictive interval and the Bayes estimate of shift point are also determined. A simulation study was carried out to study the properties of the Bayes estimators. Intro...

It is frequently conveyed, especially in the media, an idea of “increasing impact of natural hazards” typically attributed to their rising frequency and/or growing vulnerability of populations. However, for certain hazard types, this may be mostly a result of increasing population exposure due to phenomenal global population growth, especially in the most hazardous areas. We investigate tempora...

At 14:28 (Beijing time) on 12 May 2008, the catastrophic Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurred just west of the Sichuan basin, China, causing severe damage and numerous casualties. It also triggered a large number of landslides, rock avalanches, debris flows etc. Some of the landslides formed natural dams in the rivers, with the potential secondary hazard of subsequent flooding. Through the inter...

background : kernel smoothing method is a non-parametric or graphical method for statistical estimation. in the present study was used a kernel smoothing method for finding the death hazard rates of patients with acute myocardial infarction. methods : by employing non-parametric regression methods, the curve estimation, may have some complexity.  in this article, four indices of epanechnikov, b...