The overall objective of our work is to understand bubble growth and rise in natural marine sediments. In the first phase of our study (to mid-2003) we demonstrated that bubbles grow and rise in sediments by the mechanism of fracture. The second (current) phase has aimed to develop methods to measure the mechanical parameters that control the fracture of soft sediment; these parameters, i.e., Y...

Root fracture has been defined as a fracture involving dentin, cementum, pulp and periodontal ligament. Depending on the level of the fracture line various treatment modalities may be employed by the clinician to promote healing. The following case reports highlight how changes in technique allow for conservative management of horizontal root fractures at different levels. This approach allows ...

In addition to other chronic diseases such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes, a treat-to-target strategy was recently applied in rheumatoid arthritis and has now been discussed in osteoporosis. An important goal of osteoporosis therapy is normal risk of hip fracture associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but the anti-fracture efficacies of currently approved drug...

We made a prospective study of the incidence and natural history of algodystrophy and associated changes in bone mineral density in the ankles and feet of 60 consecutive patients who had suffered unilateral fractures of the tibial shaft. At bone union, 18 patients showed signs of algodystrophy. Its development was independent of the type of fracture management and of the severity of injury. Pat...

Concept mapping is vital to natural language processing (NLP) for bioinformatics. Query expansion using synonyms for subterm substitutions is an effective technique to increase recall when no direct concept mapping can be found through normalization. For example, no concept can be found by direct mapping through normalization if the source vocabulary is “calcaneal fracture”. By substituting the...

Chitin fiber is the load-bearing component in natural chitin-based materials. In these materials, chitin is always partially deacetylated to different levels, leading to diverse material properties. In order to understand how the acetyl group enhances the fracture resistance capability of chitin fiber, we constructed atomistic models of chitin with varied acetylation degree and analyzed the hyd...

Natural fractures seem to be ubiquitous in shale gas plays. It is often said that their presence is one of the most critical factors in defining an economic or prospective shale gas play. Many investigators have presumed that open natural fractures are critical to gas production from deeper plays such as the Barnett, as they are for shallower gas shales such as the Dev‐ onian shales of the nort...