Increasingly, natural history museum collections are being used to generate large-scale morphological datasets address a range of macroecological and macroevolutionary questions. One challenge this approach is that large numbers individuals either from single species or taxonomically broad sets may be necessary characterize morphology at the relevant spatial, phylogenetic temporal scales. We pr...

The fore tarsus of the male scuttle fly, Aenigmatias lubbockii (Verrall) (Diptera: Phoridae), is broad and equipped with flattened and apically truncated (FAT) setae on the ventral surface, which are suggested to be involved in the intraspecific phoretic behaviour including airlifting and dispersal of the female. The combination of FAT setae on the male fore tarsi and regularly arranged microtr...

Models of the 3D shape of anatomical objects and the knowledge about their statistical variability are of great benefit in many computer assisted medical applications like images analysis, therapy or surgery planning. Statistical model of shapes have successfully been applied to automate the task of image segmentation. The generation of 3D statistical shape models requires the identification of...

We describe cell lineage of the tarsus of wild-type Drosophila. Large Minute+ clones were made to map the position of the antero-posterior compartment boundary in all three tarsi. The tarsus is mirror symmetric, but the compartment boundary does not coincide with the mirror plane. This boundary runs along the dorsal and the ventral rows of bristles which are immediately posterior to the mirror ...

The Bare Bones language is a programming language with a minimal set of operations that exhibits universal computation. We present a conceptual framework, Chemical Bare Bones, to construct Bare Bones programs by programming the state transitions of a multifunctional catalytic particle. Molecular counts represent program variables, and are altered by the action of the catalytic particle. Chemica...

  Skeletal tuberculosis is an unusual disease involving bone and joints and it may have different manifestations. This report introduces a 25-year-old woman suffering from chronic knee pain without any response to conservative treatments for one year. X-ray was normal but CT-scan and MRI indicated a small lesion in medial condyle of the femur. The patient underwent percutaneous CT-guided biopsy...

Introduction A recent Channel 4 television series, Secrets of the Dead, had one programme entitled “The Syphilis Enigma.” It presented evidence, summarised in book form, which challenged the accepted view that venereal syphilis came to Europe with the return of Columbus from his first voyage of discovery of the New World. This new and challenging case is based on a study of over 240 skeletons e...

Results: The angle between centre head neck line to transcondylar line was measured using goniometer in 164 dry bones and the mean value was 9.8 deg. The mean value was 9.49 deg on the right side and 10.13 deg for the left side femora with a standard deviation of 1.66 and 1.50 respectively showing a higher angle in the left side femora. A statistically significant difference of 0.64 was found f...

Composite materials are solids with two or more distinct constituents at a larger scale than an atomic one (Hull, 1981). In accordance to this definition, materials or biological tissues such as wood, dentin and bone are regarded as composite natural materials (Cowin, 2001; Lakes, 2003; Park & Lakes, 1992). Bone is regarded as a natural composite material, which appears as it is in nature, rath...