The aims of the present study were to investigate the changes in the age and in swimming performance of finalists in World Championships (1994-2013) and Olympic Games (1992-2012) competing in all events/races (stroke and distance). Data of 3,295 performances from 1,615 women and 1,680 men were analysed using correlation analyses and magnitudes of effect sizes. In the World Championships, the ag...

Clearly, the enthusiasm of the spectators. An estimated 15 million people lined the streets for the Olympic Torch Relay through the UK, including 4.2 million in London alone. More than 7 million spectators visited venues in the first 10 days of the Games and 2.7 million spectators visited the Olympic Park. More than 5 million people attended Live Sites where events were displayed on big screens...

The Rapateaceae is a small, mainly Neotropical family of terrestrial or occasionally epiphytic herbs that grow on mesic, nutrient-poor sites. Some recent studies suggest that the Rapateaceae may be closely related to the Bromeliaceae, one of the major families containing CAM plants. To investigate the photosynthetic pathway in Rapateaceae, the plant carbonisotope ratio (d13C) was determined for...

Cognitive Radio (CR) Mitola (2000) is a promising technology to improve spectrum utilization of wireless communication systems. Current investigations in CR have been focused on the physical layer functionality. The cognitive radio, built on a software-defined radio, assumes that there is an underlying system hardware and software infrastructure that is capable of supporting the flexibility nee...

As large-scale coach education programs receive a growing amount of attention and investment (e.g., human financial resources), the case for increased understanding their impact is pressing matter. In this paper, authors outlined creation Flemish Interactive Coaching Monitoring System (FICOMS) within School Coach Education (Belgium). The FICOMS data warehouse consisting multiple databases, whic...

* * In 1976, the Medical Commission ofthe International Olympic Committee formally condemned the practice of blood transfusion for athletes in good health. As ofthis writing, however, blood doping has not been explicitly forbidden. The Author discusses important and controversial questions such as: does blood transfusion afford world-class athletes a substantial competitive advantage? Is this p...

Gender verification: a concept whose time has come and passed? Gender verification was hardly an issue at the inception of the ancient Olympic games in Greece. Competition was restricted to men, and the competitors entered the stadium unclad. No doubt existed about their gender. However, with the addition of women to Olympic competition in 1912, concerns were raised about the possibility of men...

which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Although the World wars and Cold war lead to cancellations and large boycotts of the Olympic Games in the 1900s, and various negative issues have hindered the Games throughout the years, the Olympic Games have been consistently bringing the world together ev...

In April 2014, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) published a Consensus Statement in this journal entitled “Beyond the Female Athlete Triad: Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)”. In reference to that Consensus Statement, Professor Mary Jane De Souza and colleagues published an editorial ( July 2014). The editorial below expands on the original Consensus Statement and comments on ...