Preface As the title implies, the focus of these notes is on ideas and algorithmic methods that are applied when evolutionary relationships are to be reconstructed from molecular sequences or other species-related data. Biological aspects like the molecular basis of evolution or methods of data acquisition and data preparation are not included. A number of textbooks have been published covering...

Implementing proof reconstruction is difficult because it involves symbolic manipulations of formal objects whose representation varies between different systems. It requires significant knowledge of the source and target systems. One cannot simply re-target to another logic. We present a modular proof reconstruction system with separate components, specifying their behaviour and describing how...

We discuss here some methods for reconstructing special sequences which generate special polygonal arcs in E T. For such reconstructions we introduce a ”mid” function which cuts out the middle part of a sequence; the ”⇃” function, which cuts down the left part of a sequence at some point; the ”⇂” function for cutting down the right part at some point; and the ”⇃⇂” function for cutting down both...

Using simultaneous measurements from multiple channels of a radio-frequency coil array, magnetic resonance inverse imaging (InI) can achieve ultra-fast dynamic functional imaging of the human with whole-brain coverage and a good spatial resolution. Mathematically, the InI reconstruction is a generalization of parallel MRI (pMRI), which includes image space and k-space reconstructions. Because o...

Reconstructions of the (110) surface of rutile TiO2 (the dominant surface of this important mineral and catalyst) are investigated using the evolutionary approach, resolving previous controversies. Depending on thermodynamic conditions, four different stable reconstructions are observed for this surface. We confirm the recently proposed "Ti2O3-(1×2)" and "Ti2O-(1×2)" reconstructions and predict...

In the past decade, over 50 genome-scale metabolic reconstructions have been built for a variety of single- and multi- cellular organisms. These reconstructions have enabled a host of computational methods to be leveraged for systems-analysis of metabolism, leading to greater understanding of observed phenotypes. These methods have been sparsely applied to comparisons between multiple organisms...

We study the problem of object reconstruction based on lineage, using photographs as our driving application. In addition to standard forward reconstructions, our model allows inverse transformations, reconstructions that exploit properties (e.g., commutativity), and imperfect reconstructions. With these additions, our model provides many more options for recovering a lost object. However, to c...

OBJECTIVE Implant-based breast reconstructions are conceptually simple but prone to surgical revisions. Additional procedures often fail to address the problems associated with the reconstructive outcome, especially in patients who have received radiotherapy. However, conversion to free flaps may improve symptoms and aesthetic results. We reviewed our experience in the United Kingdom with autol...

INTRODUCTION Maxillectomy is the surgical removal of part or the entire maxillary bone. It is indestined for tumors of the hard palate, nose, maxillary sinus or other tumors that have grown to involve the maxilla. Speech intelligibility and swallowing difficulties are the major concerns after maxillectomy surgery. These are the after effects of inappropriate coupling between the oral and nasal ...