As the UN General Assembly Special Session 2016 on the World Drug Problem approaches, the usual consensus on policies to combat illicit drugs is breaching. Away from antagonist positions and debates on legalization versus more prohibition, we have decided to think collectively of a reform that effectively protects people’s health and human rights, while being acceptable to the largest number of...

The investigations of Warburg in 1921 on the action of narcotics on cell respiration led to the formulation of his general theory of narcosis, according to which the action of a narcotic is attributed to its specific ability to occupy the vital surfaces of the cell structures, thereby displacing the adsorbed nutritive substances and important oxidative enzymes (1). The occasional observations o...

background: opioid analgesics are the mainstay of the treatment of postoperative pain. appropriate monitoring of patients receiving opioid analgesics is essential to detect those with side effects such as respiratory depression. the discovery of acetaminophen as a cox-3 variant may represent a primary central mechanism by which acetaminophen decrease pain. the aim of this study was to assess th...

OBJECTIVE Patients undergoing craniotomies have traditionally received opiates for the management of their postoperative pain. The use of narcotic pain medications can be costly, can decrease early walking, can lengthen hospital stay, and can alter a patient's neurological examination results. The use of alternative pain medications such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors may benefit patien...

BACKGROUND Narcotic agents are frequently administered to manage increased intestinal motility in patients with short bowel syndrome, but long-term use is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) complaints. This analysis evaluated the incidence of narcotic use and abdominal adverse events among patients with short bowel syndrome receiving teduglutide. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pooled data from pati...

BACKGROUND The existing studies have indicated that persons with positive attitude and believe to narcotics have more addiction than those with negative or natural attitudes. The aim of the present study was to specify the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral training on increasing of self-concept's measure, and the attitude style toward narcotic drugs in addicted prisoners of Tonekabon. OBJ...

Compressed air or a nitrogen-oxygen mixture produces from 0.3 MPa nitrogen narcosis. The traditional view was that anaesthesia or narcosis occurs when the volume of a hydrophobic site is caused to expand beyond a critical amount by the absorption of molecules of a narcotic gas. The observation of the pressure reversal effect on general anaesthesia has for a long time supported the lipid theory....

background drug dependence is one of the major problems in today’s world which has turned into a serious, concerning threat due to its destructive and preventive effects on the development and prosperity of the society. objectives the study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of social skills training on tendency to addiction among high school female students of ahvaz city. patients and meth...