It is notoriously difficult to name odours. Without the benefit of non-olfactory information, even common household smells elude our ability to name them. The neuroscientific basis for this olfactory language 'deficit' is poorly understood, and even basic models to explain how odour inputs gain access to transmodal representations required for naming have not been put forward. This study used p...

This study compared a semantic and a phonological/orthographic approach to the treatment of word-finding difficulties in a caseseries of ten individuals with aphasia, using a cross-over design. The study aims to investigate whether one approach is generally more effective than the other or whether the effectiveness of the two treatments relates systematically to the nature of the underlying fun...

Dyslexia is a condition in which person has difficulty (especially) areas related to learning abilities such as reading, writing, and arithmetic or matters relating numbers. This not the skills expected of people with chronological age normal intelligence IQ (quality intelligence). sometimes realized by parents only consider their child slightly delayed, even though it under standard (minimum) ...

9 Abstract In the present study, conducted with French-speaking children, we 10 examined the reliability group study) and the prevalence (multiple-case study) of 11 dyslexics’ phonological deficits in reading and reading-related skills in comparison 12 with Reading Level (RL) controls. All dyslexics with no comorbidity problem 13 schooled in a special institution for children with severe readin...

Word finding difficulties are often reported by epileptic patients with seizures originating from the language dominant cerebral hemisphere, for example, in temporal lobe epilepsy. Evidence regarding the brain regions underlying this deficit comes from studies of peri-operative electro-cortical stimulation, as well as post-surgical performance. This evidence has highlighted a role for the anter...

BACKGROUND Studies of neuropsychological outcome following coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) have traditionally dichotomised patients as "impaired" or "unimpaired". This conceals the potential heterogeneity of deficits due to different mechanisms and sites of brain injury. OBJECTIVES To explore neuropsychological outcome following CABG and determine to what extent it conforms to pro...

BACKGROUND This study tests a multiple cognitive deficit model of reading disability (RD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and their comorbidity. METHODS A structural equation model (SEM) of multiple cognitive risk factors and symptom outcome variables was constructed. The model included phonological awareness as a unique predictor of RD and response inhibition as a unique pr...

Whether pure alexia is a selective disorder that affects reading only, or if it reflects a more general visual disturbance, is highly debated. We have investigated the selectivity of visual deficits in a pure alexic patient (NN) using a combination of psychophysical measures, mathematical modelling and more standard experimental paradigms. NN's naming and categorization of line drawings were no...

Objectives: Nouns and verbs are the central conceptual linguistic units of language acquisition in all human languages. While the noun-bias hypothesis claims that nouns have a privilege in children’s lexical development across languages, studies on Mandarin and Korean and other languages have challenged this view. More recent cross-linguistic naming studies on children in German, Turkish,...