The literature on social capital indicates that it can be an important element for enhancing economic activity in communities. Such an assertion is justified by theorizing that elements of social capital, namely trust, shared values, and established networks can form the basis for economic transactions, including labour market opportunities. However, little empirical analysis of these claims ha...

abstract t he relationship between public sector deficits and inflation is one of the important and controversial issues in the academic literature as well as in economic policy field. on the other hand, a major objective of macroeconomic policies is to foster economic growth and to keep inflation on a low level. so keeping the price stability plays an important role in determining the growth r...

Background In 2003 the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) introduced its Monthly Economic Forecasting Survey. Each month the WSJ polls between 50 and 60 well-known economic experts asking their forecasts of future key economic variables such as GDP, inflation, US treasury rates, unemployment, housing starts, and other data. The forecasts are always for set times of the year, namely the ends of the first...

Ð A framework for analyzing social vulnerability is outlined, an aspect largely underemphasized in assessments of the impacts of climate change and climate extremes. Vulnerability is de®ned in this paper as the exposure of individuals or collective groups to livelihood stress as a result of the impacts of such environmental change. It is constituted by individual and collective aspects which ca...

In order to plan strategies for adaptation to climate change, the current effects of climate on economic growth needs to be understood. This study reviews evidence of climate effects on economic growth and presents original analysis of the effect in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Case studies from the literature demonstrate that historically, climate has had significant and negative effects on house...

abstract:while energy especially oil, crises and economic integration have been playing an important role indevelopment and growth in east west asia economies and their intertwining relations, only limitedquantitative research on their impact has been carried out and reported for improved debate andcredible policy use. this paper uses an econometric modeling innovation with features superior to...

the main purpose of this survey was to identify and analyze the barriers in women’s economic participation in the rural regions of the zanjan province. the study was an analytical- explanatory research regarding its method. the statistical population of the study were consisted of all the rural women in the abhar-rod rural district (n= 1300). according to the krejcie and morgan table, a sample ...

the ongoing women's poverty and gender discrimination, owing to various cultural and historical constraints on their socio-economic status and advancement, has raised different approaches in the literature, namely women's empowerment. within a conceptual framework of poverty and empowerment this paper intends to probe into different facets of the empowerment of women-headed households...

water distribution method based on the type of water conduits can be divided into two groups, namely, open and closed systems, while on the basis of the energy of the water flow, the two groups are gravity flow and pressurized flow. open channel type conveyance and distribution is achieved by gravity and includes channels made by embankment construction, excavation, or construction of prefabric...

Detergents are a viable method for earwax removal. Specifically, bile salts such as cholate and deoxycholate, work well for this function especially when placed in alkaline solution provided by sodium phosphate in the presence of 0.1 M sodium chloride. In vitro studies reveal these agents to quickly penetrate earwax, as visualized by yellowish color of the solution and lack of cohesion of the r...