INTRODUCTION Reconstitution of peripheral blood (PB) B cells after therapeutic depletion with the chimeric anti-CD20 antibody rituximab (RTX) mimics lymphatic ontogeny. In this situation, the repletion kinetics and migratory properties of distinct developmental B-cell stages and their correlation to disease activity might facilitate our understanding of innate and adaptive B-cell functions in r...

The mammalian immune response to infection is mediated by 2 broad arms, the innate and adaptive immune systems. Innate immune cells are a first-line defense against pathogens and are thought to respond consistently to infection, regardless of previous exposure, i.e., they do not exhibit memory of prior activation. By contrast, adaptive immune cells display immunologic memory that has 2 basic ch...

CART cell therapy has significantly improved outcomes of patients with relapsed/refractory large B lymphoma (rrLBCL), but many do not experience long term benefit. The mechanisms failure are multifaceted including CAR T exhaustion. Understanding these likely to identify therapeutic avenues for improving outcomes. 13 rrLBCL tumors (7 naïve, 6 refractory), were subjected scRNA-seq. Clustering was...

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a volatile chlorinated organic compound that is commonly used as a solvent for lipophilic compounds. Although recognized as an animal carcinogen, TCE's carcinogenic potential in humans is still uncertain. We have carried out a cross-sectional study of 80 workers exposed to TCE and 96 unexposed controls matched on age and sex in Guangdong, China to study TCE's early bi...

p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is a component of certain henna tattoo and hair dye formulations. Human exposure to PPD containing products is associated with the development of T-cell mediated allergic contact dermatitis. Antigen-specific T-cells from allergic contact dermatitis patients are activated with either PPD or Bandrowskis base (BB), the metabolized trimer of PPD. In non-allergic individuals...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to elucidate the function of circulating follicular helper T (Tfh) cell subsets in helping B cells in patients with active, untreated IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and determine their relationship with disease activity. METHODS Seventeen consecutive patients with active, untreated IgG4-RD, 20 with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), 5 with multicentric Castle...

human diploid fibroblast cells produce a spectrum of necessary growth factors and extracellular matrix (ecm) components essential for growth and proliferation of a variety of other cell types. in this study, the effect of five human embryonic fibroblast cell lines, isolated from liver, lung, skin and foreskin tissues, was investigated. a coculture system analyse was employed to cloning efficien...

A hallmark of cells comprising the mammalian adaptive immune system is the requirement for these rare naïve T (and B) lymphocytes directed to a specific microorganism to undergo proliferative expansion upon first encounter with this antigen. In the case of naïve CD8(+) T cells the ability of these rare quiescent lymphocytes to rapidly activate and expand into effector T cells in numbers suffici...

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous group of diseases. Our aim was to define sub-groups of CVID patients with similar phenotypes and clinical characteristics. Using eight-color flow cytometry, we analyzed both B- and T-cell phenotypes in a cohort of 88 CVID patients and 48 healthy donors. A hierarchical clustering of probability binning "bins" yielded a separate cluster o...

The loss of naïve T cells is a hallmark of immune aging. Although thymic involution is a primary driver of this naïve T cell loss, less is known about the contribution of other mechanisms to the depletion of naïve T cells in aging primates. We examined the role of homeostatic cycling and proliferative expansion in different T cell subsets of aging rhesus macaques (RM). BrdU incorporation and th...