Metformin (Met) is a drug commonly prescribed in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its efficacy due to the suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis, enhancement peripheral glucose uptake and lower absorption by intestine. Recent studies have reported Met other clinical applications, such as age-related diseases. Despite wide use Met, its mechanism action on muscle effect performance are unclear. We inves...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous (MICT) on skeletal muscle in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice. ApoE KO mice fed with a high-fat diet were randomly allocated into: Control group without exercise (ApoE−/− CON), HIIT HIIT), MICT MICT). Exercise endurance, blood lipid p...

The systemic effects of physical activity are mediated by the release IL-6 and other myokines from contracting muscle. Although muscle has been extensively studied, information on cellular mechanisms is fragmentary scarce, especially regarding role Ca2+ signals. aim this study was to characterize main components signals in human skeletal cells during secretion stimulated mobilizing agonist ATP....

Obesity and obesity-related diseases including insulin resistance metabolic syndrome (MetS) pose a great risk for cardiovascular development. Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ has pivotal role on secreting physiological factors such hormones myokines. Irisin that is one of these miyokines also known hormone secreted mainly from tissue in response to exercise. It dependent fibronectin type I...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of superimposed electromyostimulation (E) during cycling on myokines and markers of muscle damage, as E might be a useful tool to induce a high local stimulus to skeletal muscle during endurance training without performing high external workloads. METHODS 13 subjects participated in three experimental trials each lasting ...

BACKGROUND Regular physical activities have a positive effect on the muscular skeletal system but overstrenuous exercise may be different. Transiently suppressed bone formation and increased bone resorption after participation in a 246-km ultradistance race has been demonstrated. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyze effects of the Spartathlon race on novel musculoskeletal markers. M...