Super-enhancers (SEs) are cis-regulatory elements enriching lineage specific key transcription factors (TFs) to form hotspots. A paucity of identification and functional dissection promoted us to investigate SEs during myoblast differentiation. ChIP-seq analysis of histone marks leads to the uncovering of SEs which remodel progressively during the course of differentiation. Further analyses of ...

Myocyte differentiation is due to transcription of genes that characterize the phenotypic and biochemical identity of differentiated muscle cells. These are the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) MyoD, Myf5, myogenin and MRF4. Overexpression of cdk/cyclins has been reported to inhibit the activity of MyoD and prevent myogenic differentiation by different modalities. Unlike other cdk/cyclin comp...

MyoD and myogenin are myogenic transcription factors preferentially expressed in adult fast and slow muscles, respectively. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which motor neuron loss is accompanied by muscle denervation and paralysis. Studies suggest that muscle phenotype may influence ALS disease progression. Here we demonstrate that myogenin gene transfer i...

Skeletal muscle growth in the pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) is highly interesting to fish farmers because it provides information about how the mechanism in muscle mass increase, characteristic of the species, is regulated. Pirarucu has specific muscle growth that highlights the species’s significance and commercial value. Current research evaluates the morphology and the growth-related gene expres...

MOTIVATION To detect and select patterns of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) which distinguish genes directly regulated by estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha), we developed an innovative mixture model-based discriminate analysis for identifying ordered TFBS pairs. RESULTS Biologically, our proposed new algorithm clearly suggests that TFBSs are not randomly distributed within ERalpha t...

The molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle regeneration and differentiation are not well understood. We analyzed the expression of connexins (Cxs) 40, 43 and 45 in normal and regenerating tibialis anterior muscle and in primary cultures of differentiating myoblasts in adult and newborn mice, respectively. Cxs 45 and 43, but not 40, were strongly expressed in normal muscle and their exp...

In vertebrates, skeletal myogenesis involves the sequential activation of myogenic factors to lead ultimately to the differentiation into slow and fast muscle fibers. How transcriptional co-regulators such as arginine methyltransferases PRMT4/CARM1 and PRMT5 control myogenesis in vivo remains poorly understood. Loss-of-function experiments using morpholinos against PRMT4/CARM1 and PRMT5 combine...

Fifty-two subcutaneous tumours associated with microchip were collected from three carcinogenicity B6C3F1 mice studies. Two of these 52 tumours were adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland located on the dorsal region forming around the chip. All the other 50 were mesenchymal in origin and were difficult to classify on morphological grounds with haematoxylin-eosin. These sarcomas were investigated ...

Transthyretin (TTR) is a known carrier protein for thyroxine (T4) and retinol-binding protein in the blood that is primarily synthesized in the liver and choroid plexus of the brain. Herein, we report that the TTR gene is expressed in skeletal muscle tissue and up-regulated during myotube formation in C2C12 cells. TTR silencing (TTRkd) significantly reduced myogenin expression and myotube forma...