Stegemann (1914) described pathological changes in the myocardium and nervous system of the heart. Siegmund (1931) found inflammation chiefly in the thebesian vessels. Brody and Smith (1936) found pathological changes in the heart of 90 per cent. of the fatal cases. They described three types of myocarditis: 1. Focal or diffuse interstitial myocarditis. 2. Arteritis or periarteritis of the smal...

Myocarditis and pericarditis are inflammatory conditions of the heart commonly caused by viral and autoimmune etiologies, although many cases are idiopathic. Emergency clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for these conditions, given the rarity and often nonspecific presentation in the pediatric population. Children with myocarditis may present with a variety of symptoms, ranging f...

Acute myocarditis may not only develop into congestive heart failure, but it has also been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. The mechanism of myocardial cell injury involved in acute myocarditis is of great clinical significance, but remained to be clarified for a long period. Because patients with acute myocarditis often show significantly increased virus titer...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Data on the prevalence of myocarditis in children are limited. Autopsy studies have shown that myocarditis is often undiagnosed. We attempted to investigate the clinical features of asymptomatic myocarditis in four schoolchildren detected during a mass ECG screening in schoolchildren. DESIGN AND SETTING To evaluate asymptomatic myocarditis, we clinically examined 12 schoolchil...

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic myocarditis encompasses a variety of etiologies and the prognosis varies. For patients with a hypersensitive response to medications, high-dose corticosteroids and discontinuation of culprit medications are the main treatments. CASE PRESENTATION We reported a young man with biopsy-proven eosinophilic myocarditis which was possibly induced by Chinese herbal medicine. Hi...

Background Myocarditis is a heterogeneous disease with a large spectrum of possible clinical courses ranging from complete healing to end stage heart failure. However, there is a lack of reliable prognostic factors to identify patients with an adverse outcome. T1 and T2 mapping are promising novel diagnostic cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) tools for a quantitative assessment of the dyna...

Background There is an overlapping phenotype in patients with newonset systolic heart failure due to myocarditis and dilative cardiomyopathy (DCM). Differentiation between both etiologies has important therapeutic and prognostic implications and is currently based on endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). In contrast, current cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques are of limited value in thes...

BACKGROUND Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a major heart pathogen against which no therapy exists to date. The potential of a combination treatment consisting of a proteinaceous virus receptor trap and an RNA interference-based component to prevent CVB3-induced myocarditis was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS A soluble variant of the extracellular domain of the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor...

115 Myocarditis has been defined by the World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology as an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle diagnosed by established histological, immunologic, and immunohistological criteria. Insights into its clinical manifestation and treatment in both adults and children have been the subject of a number of recent reviews. It is caused...

To elucidate possible immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of myocarditis, we examined, by immunofluorescence techniques, the serial changes in lymphocyte subsets in the heart, spleen, and peripheral blood of C3H/He mice inoculated coxsackievirus B3 (experiment I). B cells were identified by staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled rabbit antimouse immunoglobulin. T cell subsets were d...