Following the return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest, the use of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has been demonstrated to improve neurologic outcomes and mortality. The potential cardiac benefits and the role of induced hypothermia as a cardioprotective strategy are less clear. Numerous laboratory and clinical studies implicate both inciting myocardial ischemia and subsequent reper...

HBOC-201 (Biopure; Cambridge, MA) is a glutaraldehyde-polymerized bovine hemoglobin (Hb) solution that is stroma free, has lower viscosity than blood, and promotes O(2) unloading. We investigated the effects of HBOC-201 in a canine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dogs were anesthetized and subjected to 90 min of regional myocardial ischemia and 270 min of reperfusion. HBOC-201 ...

Under normal conditions, the heart is well oxygenated and consumes energy at a high rate. A nearly constant level of metabolites in the cytosol is maintained in myocardial cells via a balance between energy supply and expenditure. This balance is disrupted, however, in the ischemic setting. During ischemia, cardiac oxygen demand exceeds supply, resulting in decreased levels of high-energy phosp...

A large body of evidence produced during decades of research indicates that myocardial injury activates innate immunity. On the one hand, innate immunity both aggravates ischemic injury and impedes remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). On the other hand, innate immunity activation contributes to myocardial healing, as exemplified by monocytes' central role in the formation of a stable sc...

Inhalation of hydrogen gas has been proved to be an effective treatment for ischemia-reperfusion injury. There has been considerable evidence of hydrogen's protective effect to diseases related to oxidative injury, such as the ischemia-reperfusion injury of the brain, liver and heart. Our previous studies demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of hydrogen-rich saline protected hypoxic-isch...

ISCHEMIA contributes to the pathophysiology of many conditions faced by anesthesiologists, including myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular insufficiency, stroke, and hypovolemic shock. Although restoration of blood flow to an ischemic organ is essential to prevent irreversible cellular injury, reperfusion per se may augment tissue injury in excess of that produced by ischemia alone. For ex...

Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery by avoiding cardioplegic arrest seems to reduce the risk of ischemic myocardial injury. However, even short-term regional ischemic periods, hemodynamic instability and arrhythmias associated with the procedure can be responsible for myocardial damage. Conditioning, a potential cardio-protective tool during on-pump cardiac surgery, has hardly been investig...

Interruption of blood flow through coronary arteries and its subsequent restoration triggers the generation of a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to myocardial cell death. In this study, we determined whether a methanol extract of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino could prevent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. When radical scavenging activity of the extract was measured...

Ischemic heart disease is a major public health epidemic and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide (Hausenloy et al., 2012; Ferdinandy et al., 2014). Ischemic injury predisposes to myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Prompt restoration of oxygenated blood flow to the ischemic myocardium (i.e., reperfusion) is required for preventing irreve...

α-Lipoic acid (LA) has been shown to offer protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in multiple organ systems. N-[(R)-1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoyl]-L-glutamyl-L-alanine (CMX-2043), a novel analogue of LA, was studied as part of a preclinical development program intended to identify safe and efficacious drug candidates for prevention or reduction in myocardial IRI. This study was desig...