Background and purpose: Cytokines are a group of endogenous proteins which play an influential role in regulating the inflammatory responses and defeating infectious diseases. Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors are usually observed in association with immune responses against viral infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. IL 12 and its receptor play an...

     Twinning is one of the most important economic traits in goat production, which is influenced by either small or major gene effects. In recent decades, it has been recognized that two members of growth factors originated from oocytes namely GDF9 and BMP15 are essential for follicular development and ovulation. The aim of the current study was to survey the polymorphism of two GDF9 and BMP1...

     This research was carried out in order to detect the polymorphisms in four sites of PEPCK-C gene by PCR-RFLP method in a commercial layer and broiler strains and breeder hens of Mazandaran native fowls breeding station. Blood samples were collected randomly from 150 birds from a three populations and DNA was extracted using modified salting out method. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)...