Demyelination is a key component in the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. Transplantation of myelinating cells may offer a therapeutic approach to restore neurological function in these diseases. Recent findings suggest that pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells can serve as an unlimited donor source for neural transplantation. The clinical application of ES cells for myelin repair w...

Schwann cells (SC) have a special activity in the repair processes after injury of the nervous system because of the capability of differentiation, migration, proliferation and myelinization of axons. They enhance production of numerous neurotrophic factors, thus creating a permissive environment for axonal regeneration. Experimental studies using SC in neuronal transplants showed that these ce...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE White matter injury caused by cerebral hypoperfusion may contribute to the pathophysiology of vascular dementia and stroke, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully defined. Here, we test the hypothesis that oxidative stress interferes with endogenous white matter repair by disrupting renewal processes mediated by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). METHODS ...

Background: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) elicit neuroprotective effects, and their repair ability has been investigated in different experimental models. We aimed to investigate the effect of multiple i.p. BM-MSCs injections in the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis in mice. Methods: Adult male C57BL/6 mice (n = 40) were fed a regular diet or a diet containing cuprizone (0.2%...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (cns). inflammation caused by immune cells destroy the myelin and then axon. cns failure to complete repair results in permanent disabilities. some types of stem cells have special potentials to repair these injuries and even cure ms. neural crest stem cells with a mutual origin with cns and the ability of differen...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neuroinflammatory disorders that causes disability in the young adults. In this disease immune-driven demyelination and following that inefficient remyelination occurs. Therapies for this disease are limited, especially those to enhance myelin repair. Cellular reprogramming using defined genetic factors is a way to produce remyelinating Oligoden...

Editor's Note: These short reviews of a recent paper in the Journal, written exclusively by graduate students or postdoctoral fellows, are intended to mimic the journal clubs that exist in your own departments or institutions. For more information on the format and purpose of the Journal Club, please see Review of Eftekharpour et al. The myelin surrounding axons is highly organized, with ion ch...

experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae), a demyelinating disease induced in the animals parallels multiple sclerosis in human in several aspects, provides a useful model to investigate multiple sclerosis. in this study, we have therefore used this model to study functions of nerve growth factor (ngf) in eae. ngf with considerable effects on neuron survival, proliferation and differentiati...