Different processes have been proposed to explain the large-scale spreading of Mediterranean Water (MW) in the North Atlantic, however, no systematic study comparing the efficiency of different processes is yet available. Here, the authors present a series of experiments in a unified framework that is designed to quantify the effects of several physical processes on the spreading of MW in an id...

The overall goal of the R&D program outlined here is to design, build, and test a magnicon amplifier at 1.3 GHz with a peak power output in the range of 20 MW, for the future International Linear Collider ILC that is based on superconducting RF technology. This overall project is to evolve into a collaboration between the Yale Beam Physics Laboratory (YBPL), Omega-P, Inc., and Budker Institute ...

Activated carbon (AC) air cathodes were constructed using variable amounts of carbon (43–171 mg cm) and an inexpensive binder (10 wt% polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE), and with or without a porous cloth wipe-based diffusion layer (DL) that was sealed with PDMS. The cathodes with the highest AC loading of 171 mg cm, and no diffusion layer, produced 1255 ¡ 75 mW m and did not appreciably vary in pe...

Advancements in imaging and laparoscopy have led to the expansion of minimally invasive techniques in the ablation of small renal masses (SRMs). We report the results of a study aimed at assessing the efficacy of thermoablative microwave (MW) effects on SRMs and the haemostatic as well as necrotic MW effects on the parenchyma surrounding the neoplasm. From November 2008 to October 2010, 10 pati...

Hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid (HA) has been used to treat osteoarthritic knees for more than 30 years. Here, we tested the hypothesis that HA with high molecular weight (MW) would have greater effects than HA with low MW on the expression of the plasminogen activator (PA)/plasmin system and gelatinases [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9] during early development of osteoarthritis (OA)....

The functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MW-CNTs) was obtained by generating reactive perfluoropolyether (PFPE) radicals that can covalently bond to MW-CNTs' surface. Branched and linear PFPE peroxides with equivalent molecular weights of 1275 and 1200 amu, respectively, have been thermally decomposed for the production of PFPE radicals. The functionalization with PFPE chains has...

Argon laser burns of varying intensity (50 mW./0.2 sec/50 p, 100 mW./O.l sec/100 p, 100 mW./0.2 sec/200 p, and 100 mW./0.2 sec/400 p) were made in the region of the maculopapillar bundle of four human eyes 24 hours prior to enucleation for malignant melanoma of the choroid. Light and electron microscopic observations revealed that it is possible to produce chorioretinal lesions between the disc...

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for controlling molecular weight (MW) and degree of deacetylation (DOD) of chitosan in chemical processing. In a reduced model, MW of chitosan is y = 1736166.406 - 250.745X(1)X(2) - 265.452X(2)X(3), with R( 2) = 0.86, and DOD of chitosan is y = 30.6069 + 0.3396X(1) + 0.4948X(2) + 0.0094X(3)(2), with R( 2) = 0.89. MW of chitosan depends on the crosspro...

This paper describes three embodiments of the ubitron (FEL) amplifier that will be analyzed for possible use on the NLC. The design frequency and power are 11.424 GHz and 200 MW peak rf output power. The baseline against which these conceptual designs are to be evaluated is the PPM-focused 50-MW SLAC klystron, which in simulation shows 65% efficiency. (See paper in this conference by Ken Eppley...

INTRODUCTION Inflammation of the synovial membrane plays an important role in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA). The synovial tissue of patients with initial OA is characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators of joint injury. The objective was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) operating at 50 m...