Much has been written on the legitimacy and extent to which the gospel can challenge different cultures especially vis-à-vis the current growth of Islam. There are many who have chosen to live “incarnationally” within a culture while at the same time resisting its ungodliness. While there are different approaches that missiologists, Bible scholars, and theologians may take in respect to culture...

Apart from the author's specific observations, two broader themes seem to emerge. First, the modem medical fatwais demonstrate a clear continuity from medieval times. Companions of the prophet Muhammad and classical legal compendia are cited as easily-and as cogently-in the twentieth century as in the tenth, the mode of argument is often identical, and the classical terminology of classical Isl...