The objective of the present study was to investigate the applicability of matrix type mucoadhesive oral multiple unit systems (MUS) for sustaining the release of ornidazole in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The MUS were prepared by ionotropic gelation method using chitosan and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K4M (HPMC K4M) according to 3(2) factorial designs and were evaluated in vitro and i...

The contribution that alexithymia can make to the understanding of medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUS) was studied in 244 subjects drawn from a range of medical and non-medical situations. People’s histories of MUS-also called somatisation-were assessed using physical symptom lists derived from the DSM-III-R somatisation criteria. Two subscales from the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 ha...

UNLABELLED A contributing factor to the loss of muscle mass and strength with adult aging is the reduction in the number of functioning motor units (MUs). Recently, we reported that lifelong competitive runners (master runners = ~66 yr) had greater numbers of MUs in a leg muscle (tibialis anterior) than age-matched recreationally active controls. This suggested that long-term exposure to high l...

OBJECTIVES To explore junior doctors' knowledge about and experiences of managing patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) and to seek their recommendations for improved future training on this important topic about which they currently receive little education. DESIGN Qualitative study using in-depth interviews analysed using the framework method. SETTING Participants were recrui...

Several species in the rodent genus Mus are used as model research organisms, but comparative studies of these mice have been hampered by the lack of a well-supported phylogeny. We used DNA sequences from six genes representing paternally, maternally, and biparentally inherited regions of the genome to infer phylogenetic relationships among 10 species of Mus commonly used in laboratory research...

This work investigated motor unit (MU) recruitment during transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, using experimental and simulated data. Surface electromyogram (EMG) and torque were measured during electrically-elicited contractions at different current intensities, on eight healthy subjects. EMG detected during stimulation (M-wave) was simulated select...

Correct pre-therapeutic T4 staging is mandatory for neo-adjuvant studies and for the decision on surgical therapy of high-risk patients. T4-staging of centrally located lung-cancer by means of non-invasive imaging techniques is either of low accuracy (CT and NMR) or important regions are not accessible due to air interference with the tracheo-bronchial tree (trans-esophageal-endosonography, TEE...

The nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (RPO) and nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (RPC) are implicated in the generation of rapid eye movement sleep (REM). Work in cats has indicated that GABA in RPO plays a role in the regulation of REM. We assessed REM after local microinjections into RPO and RPC of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA(A)) agonist, muscimol (MUS), and the GABA(A) antagonist,...

BACKGROUND In reattribution, general practitioners (GPs) request psychosocial information directly and explain medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) using psychosocial information in the consultation. We explored whether reattribution training (RT) increased the communication of psychosocial information and decreased communication about somatic intervention between GPs and their MUS patients. ...

THE COMMON RAT of Polynesia is Rattus exulans (Peale). It appears to be closely related to, and ptobably derived from Rattus concolor of the Malay region. The concolor group, and its derivatives, occur all over the Pacific, being represented in the Oceanic islands by R. exulans, R. micronesiensis and R. hawaiiensis. Other species have been erected for the Polynesian forms, but it may be simpler...