In the 1990s, Hendra virus and Nipah virus (NiV), two closely related and previously unrecognized paramyxoviruses that cause severe disease and death in humans and a variety of animals, were discovered in Australia and Malaysia, respectively. Outbreaks of disease have occurred nearly every year since NiV was first discovered, with case fatality ranging from 10 to 100%. In the African green monk...

Smallpox vaccination carries a high risk of adverse events in recipients with a variety of contra-indications for live vaccines. Although alternative non-replicating vaccines have been described in the form of replication-deficient vaccine viruses, DNA vaccines, and subunit vaccines, these are less efficacious than replicating vaccines in animal models. DNA and subunit vaccines in particular ha...

Influenza infection represents a major socio-economic burden worldwide. Novel delivery methods can render influenza vaccination easier and more acceptable by the public, and importantly confer protection equal or superior to that induced by conventional systemic administration. An attractive target for vaccine delivery is the skin. Recent studies have demonstrated improved immune responses afte...

It is well accepted that the innate response is a necessary prerequisite to the formation of the adaptive response. This is true for T cell responses against infections or adjuvanted subunit vaccination. However, specific innate parameters with predictive value for the magnitude of an adjuvant-elicited T cell response have yet to be identified. We previously reported how T cell responses induce...

The development of new alternative platforms for subunit vaccine production is a priority in the biomedical field. In this study, Ustilago maydis, the causal agent of common corn smut or 'huitlacoche'has been genetically engineered to assess expression and immunogenicity of the B subunit of the cholera toxin (CTB), a relevant immunomodulatory agent in vaccinology. An oligomeric CTB recombinant ...

We have investigated the effect of subunit vaccines against infection with Mycobacterium leprae, employing DNA plasmids as the vaccine vectors, and the immunodominant 35 kDa protein of M. leprae as the candidate antigen. A DNA vaccine that expresses the M. leprae 35 kDa protein both stimulated interferon-gamma (IFN gamma)-secreting T cells in mice, and demonstrated protection against M. leprae-...

Several genotypes of the hantavirus cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and is an important public health problem worldwide. There is now growing interest to develop subunit vaccines especially focused to elicit cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses which are important against viral infection. We identified candidate T-cell epitopes that bind to Class I HLA supertypes towards identify...

Ebola virus (EBOV), a member of the Filoviridae that can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates, poses a significant threat to the public health. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics to prevent and treat EBOV infection. Several vaccines based on the EBOV glycoprotein (GP) are under development, including vectored, virus-like particles, and protein-ba...

At the end of 2020, population-based vaccination programs with new generation mRNA-based vaccines began almost all over world. The aim study was to evaluate titer anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies against S1 subunit virus’s spike protein as a marker humoral response in 477 patients and concentration interferon-gamma an indicator cellular 28 individuals. In our studies, we used serological enzyme-l...

Although malaria control efforts have currently reduced much of the morbidity and mortality, yet malaria remains a hard problem in many parts of Africa. Together with the existing malaria control efforts, an effective malaria vaccine is expected to act as an important weapon to fight against malaria burden. Developing an efficacious malaria vaccine is a top priority in the agenda of global heal...