introduction and aims: until today human stomach is the only recognized habitat of h. pylori . however, recruitment of dna-based methods has made possible the detection of h. pylori in water and oral cavity, thus suggesting faecal-oral and oral-oral routes for transmission of h. pylori , respectively. in this study yeast has been proposed as a common vector for transmission of h. pylori . thus ...

This paper develops a common solution to the problems of discovery, maintenance, and use of multiple routes in ad hoc networks. The performance criterion is the average time taken by a packet to reach its destination through multiple hops. A source node considers each of its neighbors (reachable by direct wireless transmission) as a next-hop for every possible destination. The effect of delay a...

Multipath routing protocols are distinguished from single-path routing by the fact that they look for and use several routes from a source to destination. Several routing schemes have been proposed in the context of mobile ad hoc networks that uses multiple paths simultaneously by splitting the information among the multitude of paths. However, the effect of route coupling in this environment c...

Scalable multicomputers are based upon interconnection net works that typically provide multiple communication routes between any given pair of processor nodes Routes must be selected for communica tion so that the load is distributed evenly among the links and switches to prevent congestion in the network We describe the route selection algorithm used in the IBM SP multicomputer We then descri...

This paper presents an approach for analysing and prototyping urban road network routes based on multiple criteria, such as spatial quality, transportation cost and aesthetics, in order to evaluate the quality of people’s use of road networks. A prototype is developed to analyse routes and accessibility in road layouts from a number of design and user related perspectives. A case study is used ...

Quality of service (QoS) routing is the process of selecting the path to be used by the packets of a flow based on its QoS requirements and the resource availability of the network. In this paper, a new algorithm for pre computation of k constrained QoS routes is proposed and its performance is evaluated. QoS routing relies on state information specifying resource availability at network nodes ...

In the study of epidemic spreading two natural questions are: whether the spreading of epidemics on heterogenous networks have multiple routes, and whether the spreading of an epidemic is a local or global behavior? In this paper, we answer the above two questions by studying the SIS model on heterogenous networks, and give the global conditions for the endemic state when two distinct routes wi...

Providing distributed services on road networks is an essential concern for many applications, such asmail delivery, logistics and police patrolling. Designing effective and balanced routes for these applications is challenging, especially when involving multiple postmen from distinct depots. In this research, we formulate this routing problem as a MinMaxMultiple-Depot Rural Postman Problem (MM...

A wireless multi-hop ad hoc network consists of a collection of nodes, which can communicate without any fixed base stations or networking infrastructure. Multi-hop ad hoc networks are ideally suited in areas such as sensor networking, community networking and networking used in emergency situations. Since transmission is wireless and nodes could be mobile, ad hoc networks bring about new chall...