Different positions of items in booklets affect the probabilities correct answers. This effect is called item position literature, which causes variances and person parameters. The aim this study to investigate within framework explanatory response theory. analyses research were carried out on PISA 2015 Turkey sample, was examined domains reading mathematics. In addition, different formats (ope...

Available resources can often be limited with regard to the number of demands. In this paper we propose an approach for solving this problem using the mechanisms of multi-item auctions for allocating the resources to a set of software agents. We consider the resource allocation problem as a market with vendor and buyer agents participating in a multi-item auction. The agents exhibit different a...

In educational measurement, the objective is to measure some unknown latent variable or variables that represent a student’s underlying ability or abilities in a subject domain. The first step in this process is to collect observable data from the student that will provide a window into these latent variables. Typically, this takes the form of a student’s response to a test question (usually ca...

abstract background: multiple sclerosis (ms) is a complex inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. despite extensive research, its exact cause is unknown. one of the roles of nurses is discovery and prevention of factors related to the disease. this study aimed to investigate several food items concerning the etiology of ms in a population of ahvaz (iran). materials and methods: this...